章节正文
Every day it takes me an hour to go to work.
10.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.
译：我们现在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎变小了。 短语：such + n + that 引导结果状语从句，注意和so...that...比较。
a.She's such a lovely girl that everyone likes her very much. b.She's so lovely a girl that everyone likes her very much.
seem to 仿佛、好像 Ⅱ. Brief summary about the useful phrases:
1.separate...from...(1段1行); 2.keep sb from doing sth(1段2行); 3.make sb do sth(2段1行); 4.boiling hot(2段5行); 5.so...that...(5段1行); 6.no more(5段2行); 7.on the average(5段4行);
8.pile up(10段2行); 9.such...that...(11段1行); 10.seem to(11段2行); 11.be unwilling to do...(2段1行)
Text B:做一般了解。 A. New words:
1. observation: n 观察，observe: v 观察；observer: n 观察者 2. continually" target="_blank" title="ad.不断地，频繁地">continually: adv 不停地，continue v 继续, continual adj 不停的
3. merely: adv 同义词only 4. absolutely: adv 完全地、绝对地，同义词：completely, entirely, thoroughly.
5. uncomfortably: adv 不舒适地，反义词：comfortably; uncomfortable, comfortable 6. inhabitant: n 居民（不是永久的），永久的resident, inhabit; v 居住
7. occasionally" target="_blank" title="ad.偶然地；非经常地">occasionally: adv 偶尔地； occasional: adj, occasion: n 场合、机会 B. Grammar knowledge: Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
它是谓语动词的一种形式，表示非真实的假设、或表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望。 a.But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by
rivers. b.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind...
c.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun...
虚拟语气的主要用法：（1） 1.用于非真实条件句中：条件句分为真实和非真实两种。非真实条件句包括违背现在事实的假设、过去事实的假设、以及不希望将来某种愿望实现的假设。
a.If I were you, I would reconsider their advice. b.If I hadn't been so easy, I would have come early.
c.If I should fail, I would try again. 为了便于大家学习，在初学阶段可先记住如下表格：
条件从句 结果主句
对现在事实的违背 过去式
should + 动词原形 would + 动词原形
对过去事实的违背 had + 动词过去分词
should + have + 动词原形 would + have + 动词原形
对将来事实的违背 Should + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 Were + 动词不定式
would + 动词原形 C. Further notes on some sentences:
1. Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky. 译：除了太阳，月球是天空中看起来最大的物体。
except for:除了...,c.f：except, except that. a.all the articles are good except yours.
b.Your article is good except for some grammar mistakes. c.Except that he passed the exam, we all failed.
总结：从整体中去除与主语是相同的事物用except, 若所去除的事物与主语不是同类项用except for, 而只有except that可放在句首引导从句。 2. We always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the
part facing away from the sun appears dark.(*) 译：我们总是发现面对着太阳的那一面是亮的，而背离太阳的那部分则是黑的。
这是一个难句。that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark是find的宾语从句，其中包含有一个定语从句which faces towards the
sun修饰the part，一个时间状语从句while the part facing away from the sun appears dark，还有一个现在分词做定语facing away from the sun appears dark = which faces away from
the sun... 3. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind-only those
parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. 译：只有被太阳照射到的那些部分才是明亮的-如果美术家牢记这一点，也许能使他们的画画得更好。
本句是对现在某种情况的假设，因此用了虚拟语气。 短语：keep sth in mind牢记谋事；light up:点亮、照亮
4. In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun's light on to the face of the moon for us to be able see the parts of it which
would otherwise be dark. 译：同样整个地球表面将充足的阳光反射到月球表面，使我们能够看到原本会是黑暗的那部分月球表面。
这是一个难句，隐含有一个虚拟语气句：which would otherwise be dark. That is: If the surface of the whole earth didn't reflect enough of the sun's
light on to the face of the moon, the parts of it would be dark. 短语：in the same way用同样的方式； reflect sth on to/onto sth 反射到...; be able to do 能做...
D. useful phrases: 1.except for(2段1行); 2.face towards sth(3段4行); 3.face away from sth(3段4行); 4.keep
sth in mind(3段6行); 5.light up(3段6行); 6.sth is enough for sb to do(4段2行); 7.speak of(4段3行); 8.know sth well(4段5行); 9.reflect sth onto sth(4段6-7行); 10.in the same
way(4段7行); homework:
从所给词中选择恰当的填入空格内； boil narrow unusual salty average spot peak crew affect highway
1. The ___ hours of traffic means the times when the traffic is highest. 2. All the ____ members on the ship are ready for sail.
3. Jack's work at school is well above the ____, but he is still not happy with himself.
4. When water ___, it changes into steam. 5. His ____ ideas surprised everyone.
6. The information super ____ makes the world smaller and smaller. 7. He road was too ___ for trucks to pass.
8. He wants to know why sea water is _____. 9. He showed the police the very ____ where he was beaten.
10. He said that the climate ____ his health. Key:
1.peak; 2.crew; 3.average; 4.boils; 5.unusual; 6.highway; 7.narrow; 8.salty; 9.spot; 10.affected
汉译英： 1、这座山有泰山的一半高。
2、这所学校平均每个班有45人。 3、昨晚他过了好一会儿才入睡。
4、电视里的广告太多，无法记住到底有多少。 5、许多错误的想法导致哥伦布时代的人不愿西行。
Key: 1. The mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.
2. on the average, there are 45 students in each class in this school. 3. Last night it took him quite a long time to fall asleep.
4. There are so many ads on TV that it's impossible to remember the exact number.
5. Many wrong ideas made people in the days of Columbus unwilling to sail westward.
Homework for 2nd lecture: 1. He is not only a teacher, _____ also a friend.
however but as and 2. Deaf and dumb people "talk" to each other with the help of their ____
fingers eyes faces mouths 3. Music is different from languages. It can be ____ by people from different
countries. spoke understood known taken
4. An Italian entered a restaurant and sat down ____ a table. on in to at
5. Moving one's head up and down generally _____ "yes". means says brings makes
6. He was just going to give up _____ another chance came. when while although however
7. We have ____ people to finish the job today. seldom little enough much
8. His words are very clear and _____ so that everybody knows what to do next. exciting inexact exact exactly
9. Language consists ____ words which we put together into sentences. in for of on
10. A well-trained parrot can talk ____ a man. as like with into
汉译英： 1某些洲除了征收销售税还征收收入所得税。
2中国以其丝绸产品领先于世界。 3销售税随你所购物品的价格而变。
4人们总是在抱怨着不断上涨的物价。 5纳税是每个公民应尽的义务。
Key: 1. Some states charge an income tax in addition to sales tax.
2. China leads the world with her silk products. 3. Sales tax varies with the prices of the goods you have bought.
4. people are always complaining about the rising prices. 5. paying taxes is the duty of every citizen.
10.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.
译：我们现在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎变小了。 短语：such + n + that 引导结果状语从句，注意和so...that...比较。
a.She's such a lovely girl that everyone likes her very much. b.She's so lovely a girl that everyone likes her very much.
seem to 仿佛、好像 Ⅱ. Brief summary about the useful phrases:
1.separate...from...(1段1行); 2.keep sb from doing sth(1段2行); 3.make sb do sth(2段1行); 4.boiling hot(2段5行); 5.so...that...(5段1行); 6.no more(5段2行); 7.on the average(5段4行);
8.pile up(10段2行); 9.such...that...(11段1行); 10.seem to(11段2行); 11.be unwilling to do...(2段1行)
Text B:做一般了解。 A. New words:
1. observation: n 观察，observe: v 观察；observer: n 观察者 2. continually" target="_blank" title="ad.不断地，频繁地">continually: adv 不停地，continue v 继续, continual adj 不停的
3. merely: adv 同义词only 4. absolutely: adv 完全地、绝对地，同义词：completely, entirely, thoroughly.
5. uncomfortably: adv 不舒适地，反义词：comfortably; uncomfortable, comfortable 6. inhabitant: n 居民（不是永久的），永久的resident, inhabit; v 居住
7. occasionally" target="_blank" title="ad.偶然地；非经常地">occasionally: adv 偶尔地； occasional: adj, occasion: n 场合、机会 B. Grammar knowledge: Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
它是谓语动词的一种形式，表示非真实的假设、或表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望。 a.But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by
rivers. b.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind...
c.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun...
虚拟语气的主要用法：（1） 1.用于非真实条件句中：条件句分为真实和非真实两种。非真实条件句包括违背现在事实的假设、过去事实的假设、以及不希望将来某种愿望实现的假设。
a.If I were you, I would reconsider their advice. b.If I hadn't been so easy, I would have come early.
c.If I should fail, I would try again. 为了便于大家学习，在初学阶段可先记住如下表格：
条件从句 结果主句
对现在事实的违背 过去式
should + 动词原形 would + 动词原形
对过去事实的违背 had + 动词过去分词
should + have + 动词原形 would + have + 动词原形
对将来事实的违背 Should + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 Were + 动词不定式
would + 动词原形 C. Further notes on some sentences:
1. Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky. 译：除了太阳，月球是天空中看起来最大的物体。
except for:除了...,c.f：except, except that. a.all the articles are good except yours.
b.Your article is good except for some grammar mistakes. c.Except that he passed the exam, we all failed.
总结：从整体中去除与主语是相同的事物用except, 若所去除的事物与主语不是同类项用except for, 而只有except that可放在句首引导从句。 2. We always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the
part facing away from the sun appears dark.(*) 译：我们总是发现面对着太阳的那一面是亮的，而背离太阳的那部分则是黑的。
这是一个难句。that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark是find的宾语从句，其中包含有一个定语从句which faces towards the
sun修饰the part，一个时间状语从句while the part facing away from the sun appears dark，还有一个现在分词做定语facing away from the sun appears dark = which faces away from
the sun... 3. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind-only those
parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. 译：只有被太阳照射到的那些部分才是明亮的-如果美术家牢记这一点，也许能使他们的画画得更好。
本句是对现在某种情况的假设，因此用了虚拟语气。 短语：keep sth in mind牢记谋事；light up:点亮、照亮
4. In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun's light on to the face of the moon for us to be able see the parts of it which
would otherwise be dark. 译：同样整个地球表面将充足的阳光反射到月球表面，使我们能够看到原本会是黑暗的那部分月球表面。
这是一个难句，隐含有一个虚拟语气句：which would otherwise be dark. That is: If the surface of the whole earth didn't reflect enough of the sun's
light on to the face of the moon, the parts of it would be dark. 短语：in the same way用同样的方式； reflect sth on to/onto sth 反射到...; be able to do 能做...
D. useful phrases: 1.except for(2段1行); 2.face towards sth(3段4行); 3.face away from sth(3段4行); 4.keep
sth in mind(3段6行); 5.light up(3段6行); 6.sth is enough for sb to do(4段2行); 7.speak of(4段3行); 8.know sth well(4段5行); 9.reflect sth onto sth(4段6-7行); 10.in the same
way(4段7行); homework:
从所给词中选择恰当的填入空格内； boil narrow unusual salty average spot peak crew affect highway
1. The ___ hours of traffic means the times when the traffic is highest. 2. All the ____ members on the ship are ready for sail.
3. Jack's work at school is well above the ____, but he is still not happy with himself.
4. When water ___, it changes into steam. 5. His ____ ideas surprised everyone.
6. The information super ____ makes the world smaller and smaller. 7. He road was too ___ for trucks to pass.
8. He wants to know why sea water is _____. 9. He showed the police the very ____ where he was beaten.
10. He said that the climate ____ his health. Key:
1.peak; 2.crew; 3.average; 4.boils; 5.unusual; 6.highway; 7.narrow; 8.salty; 9.spot; 10.affected
汉译英： 1、这座山有泰山的一半高。
2、这所学校平均每个班有45人。 3、昨晚他过了好一会儿才入睡。
4、电视里的广告太多，无法记住到底有多少。 5、许多错误的想法导致哥伦布时代的人不愿西行。
Key: 1. The mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.
2. on the average, there are 45 students in each class in this school. 3. Last night it took him quite a long time to fall asleep.
4. There are so many ads on TV that it's impossible to remember the exact number.
5. Many wrong ideas made people in the days of Columbus unwilling to sail westward.
Homework for 2nd lecture: 1. He is not only a teacher, _____ also a friend.
however but as and 2. Deaf and dumb people "talk" to each other with the help of their ____
fingers eyes faces mouths 3. Music is different from languages. It can be ____ by people from different
countries. spoke understood known taken
4. An Italian entered a restaurant and sat down ____ a table. on in to at
5. Moving one's head up and down generally _____ "yes". means says brings makes
6. He was just going to give up _____ another chance came. when while although however
7. We have ____ people to finish the job today. seldom little enough much
8. His words are very clear and _____ so that everybody knows what to do next. exciting inexact exact exactly
9. Language consists ____ words which we put together into sentences. in for of on
10. A well-trained parrot can talk ____ a man. as like with into
汉译英： 1某些洲除了征收销售税还征收收入所得税。
2中国以其丝绸产品领先于世界。 3销售税随你所购物品的价格而变。
4人们总是在抱怨着不断上涨的物价。 5纳税是每个公民应尽的义务。
Key: 1. Some states charge an income tax in addition to sales tax.
2. China leads the world with her silk products. 3. Sales tax varies with the prices of the goods you have bought.
4. people are always complaining about the rising prices. 5. paying taxes is the duty of every citizen.
- everyone [´evriwʌn]
pron.=everybody 每人 (初中英语单词) - observation [,ɔbzə´veiʃən] n.观测；注意；意义 (初中英语单词)
- absolutely [´æbsəlu:tli] ad.绝对地；确实 (初中英语单词)
- occasionally [ə´keiʒənəli] ad.偶然地；非经常地 (初中英语单词)
- occasional [ə´keiʒənəl] a.偶然的；临时的 (初中英语单词)
- otherwise [´ʌðəwaiz] ad.另外 conj.否则 (初中英语单词)
- reflect [ri´flekt] v.反射；反响；表达 (初中英语单词)
- unusual [ʌn´ju:ʒuəl] a.不平常的；异常的 (初中英语单词)
- affect [ə´fekt] vt.影响；感动；假装 (初中英语单词)
- traffic [´træfik] n.交通，运输 (初中英语单词)
- climate [´klaimit] n.气候；特殊气候地带 (初中英语单词)
- columbus [kə´lʌmbəs] n.哥伦布 (初中英语单词)
- italian [i´tæliən] a.意大利 n.意大利人 (初中英语单词)
- restaurant [´restərɔnt] n.饭店，菜馆 (初中英语单词)
- charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] v.收费；冲锋 n.费用 (初中英语单词)
- income [´inkʌm] n.收入，所得 (初中英语单词)
- addition [ə´diʃən] n.加；加法；附加物 (初中英语单词)
- continually [kən´tinjuəli] ad.不断地，频繁地 (高中英语单词)
- continual [kən´tinjuəl] a.不断的，频繁的 (高中英语单词)
- uncomfortable [ʌn´kʌmftəbəl] a.不舒服的，不自在的 (高中英语单词)
- inhabit [in´hæbit] vt.居住；栖息；住宅 (高中英语单词)
- summary [´sʌməri] a.&n.摘要(的) (英语四级单词)
- unwilling [ʌn´wiliŋ] a.不愿意的；不情愿的 (英语四级单词)
- parrot [´pærət] n.鹦鹉；应声虫 (英语四级单词)
文章标签:学英语 大学英语
章节正文
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