§ Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 又快捷又舒适

If I ask you to write a composition about the advantage of travelling by air, what will you illustrate, how will you arrange your composition?

refer to L41

1. offer your topic of the advantage of travelling by air.

2. 通过对比法

3. State your view

要求全文背诵

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

●positively adv. 绝对地，完全地

●compartment n. 列车客车厢内的分隔间（或单间）

●cramped adj. 窄小的

●stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的

●monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的，单调的

●rhythm n. 有节奏的运动

●click v. 发出咔哒声

●lull v. 催人欲睡

●snatch n. 短时，片段

●sleeper n. 卧铺

●fumble v. 乱摸，摸索

●inspection n. 检查

●inevitably adv. 必然地，不可避免地

●destination n. 目的地

●exhaust v. 使精疲力尽

●motorway n. 快车道

●ferry n. 渡船

●cruise n. 巡游船

●civilize v. 使文明；civilization n. 文明；civilized adj. 文明的

●spacious adj. 宽敞的

●seasick adj. 晕船的；airsick adj. 晕飞机的；carsick adj. 晕车的

●intimidate v. 恐吓，恫吓

●disadvantage n. 短处，缺点

●exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的，令人兴奋的

●escapist n. 逍遥者

●sip v. 呷，啜

●champagne n. 香槟酒

●refinement n. 精心的安排

●breathtaking adj. 激动人心的；不寻常的

●soar v. 高飞，翱翔

●effortlessly adv. 不费力地

●landscape n. 景色

●fresh adj. 精神饱满的

●uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来

◆positively adv. 绝对地，完全地

in a positive way

doubt; doubtful; uncertain; dubious 表示不是很肯定

The food is positively uneatable.

Can you really do it positively?

在这儿相当于sure, of cause, certainly, no problem

a piece of cake, no sweat, it's a snack 都表示不成问题

I bet 我肯定

◆compartment n. 列车客车厢内的分隔间（或单间）

◆cramped adj. 窄小的

◆stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的

== airless

That classroom must be stuffy.

◆rhythm n. 有节奏的运动

◆click v. 发出咔哒声

roar 车辆飞快行驶发出的声音

bark 狗叫

Don't bark your order at me.

◆monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的，单调的

tedious, dull, uninteresting

monotonous == lacking variety

Eg: I don't like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.

I hate the monotonousrhythm of travelling by train.

tedious 乏味的（重点突出long and uninteresting 冗长乏味的 ）

Eg: Your article is tedious.

dull 语意比较弱，= uninteresting

Eg: I can't get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.

Look at that dull person.

Tiresome == tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦

tired

Eg: He is tired of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.

Long lasting meetings are tiring .

You are tiresome.

You are a little bit tiresome.

handsome

bore v.

bored adj.

boring adj. 持续时间过长而厌倦

Eg : I am tired of doing so.

I am bored with doing so. 我厌烦这么做。

be tired of

be bored with

◆lull v. 催人欲睡

vt. ==cause sb. to sleep

Eg: The mother lulled her baby to sleep.

lull sb to sleep 催人入睡

lull vi.风和日丽

What a good day, the wind lulled.

lullaby 催眠曲

◆◆◆snatch n. 短时，片段

catch, seize, grab,

in snatches 断断续续地

Eg: On the train, we sleep in snatches.

◆sleeper n. 卧铺

◆fumble vt. 乱摸，摸索

Eg: He fumbled the door open. 他摸索着把门打开了。

He put his hand into his pocket to take the key out.

He fumbled in his pocket for the key.

search for

◆inspection n. 检查

◆◆◆inevitably adv. 必然地，不可避免地

Eg: Human beings are mortal, so inevitable we make mistakes, no matter how wise and eminent you are.

◆destination n. 目的地

◆exhaust vt. 使精疲力尽

exhausted adj.

exhausting adj.

tire out

Eg: I'm exhausted. 我精疲力尽了。

What exhausts you? 什么使你精疲力尽呀？

I'm tired out.

wear out 使疲劳，使磨损

worn

worn out

Eg: Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了。

After a day's work hard, I am worn out.

knock out

Knock sb out 1，把某人打晕，2，某人筋疲力尽

Eg: The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我精疲力尽。

Fatigue 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面）

Eg: The piece of work fatigues me.

Does your work fatigue you?

◆motorway n. 快车道

express way, highway

◆ferry n. 渡船

◆cruise n. 巡游船

◆civilize v. 使文明

◆◆◆spacious adj. 宽敞的

Eg: Is your classroom spacious?

Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.

I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.

==roomy

a roomy house

capacious 容量大的

capacity 容量

commodious 宽敞的，便利的 (== roomy and convenient )

Eg: The cinema is both roomy and convenient.

The cinema is commodious.

expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的

Eg: I'd like to appreciate expansive sea / ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋。

vast 幅员辽阔的

Eg: The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problem.

extensive 广泛的，广阔的

extensive reading 泛读

intensive reading 精读

Eg: You can enlarge you vocabulary by intensive reading.

widespread 流传广的，分布广的

Eg: The kind of news is widespread.

far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的

Eg: I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.

◆seasick adj. 晕船的

airsick 晕飞机的

carsick 晕车的

bicyclesick 晕自行车的

bussick晕公交车的

homesick 想家的

分别在词尾加上后缀-ness变成名词

homesickness 思乡之情

◆intimidate v. 恐吓，恫吓

frighten, horrify, terrify

Eg: Nothing can intimidate me.

◆disadvantage n. 短处，缺点

◆◆◆exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的，令人兴奋的

exhilarate vt. == very much excite 比excite 语义强烈得多，正式得多

Eg: I'm exhilatated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。

stimulate 刺激，激励

stimulate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事

Eg: Your courage stimulated me to do so.

inspire激励（通过言辞）

Inspire sb to do 激励某人做某事（通过言辞）

Stir 鼓动，鼓舞

Eg: Who stired you to do it like this? You should look before you leap. 谁鼓动你这么做？你应该三思而后行。

spur 刺激

Eg: His rude remarks spured me.

encourage

Eg: He always encourages me to study hard when I'm unwilling to do so.

◆escapist n. 逍遥者

◆sip v. 呷，啜

vt & n.

== drink a little at a time.

take a sip of sth 喝一点

Eg: I'm really thirsty, would you mind my taking a sip of your coffee?

have a taste of sth 尝一点

Eg: I'm so hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.

You can take a sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.

◆champagne n. 香槟酒

◆◆◆refinement n. 精心的安排

refine 使人精力充沛

Eg: Coffee always refined us.

Coffee always made us fresh.

◆breathtaking adj. 激动人心的；不寻常的

Eg: The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。

The girl takes my breath.

The beautiful dress takes my breath.

decide to go for a trip 决定旅行

Eg: We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.

◆soar v. 高飞，翱翔

Eg: We can't soar in the blue sky without wings.

soar effortlessly 自由翱翔

◆effortlessly adv. 不费力地

◆landscape n. 景色

landscape 指从高处或远处远望高看的这种大地的漂亮的风光

spectacle == extroordinary sight

scenery 自然风光

scene 场面

view 透过窗户看到的景色

Eg: Our classroom doesn't have a good view.

The rising sun in the Tai Mountain is a spectacle / landscape.

◆fresh adj. 精神饱满的

a fresh man

Eg: Look at that guy, he is really fresh.他很帅

◆uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来

Eg: He went home fresh and uncrumpled.

【Text】

§ Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 又快捷又舒适

Q: Which type of transport does the writer prefer, do you think?

People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonousrhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. By comparison, fferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of travelling by sea.