章节正文
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ
Scores
理A
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more _1__ to
go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the
Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million
Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and
1976. The research group analyses the _2__ of both physical and IQ
tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the
army.
The study shows a clear link _3__ good physicalfitness and
better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for _4__
thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that
plays a _5__ in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.
"Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and
that your brain gets plenty of _7__," says Michael Nilsson,
professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the
Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons
_8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular
_9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are
important."
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers
have been _10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental
factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a
_11__ IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who
_12__ their physicalfitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase
their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the
Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being
the case, physical _13__ is a subject that has an important place
in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths
and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the
results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the
socio-economic status of the men later in _15__. Those who were fit
at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many
secured more qualified jobs.
1. A
carefully
B
secretly
C
likely
D happily
2. A
answers
B
works
C
scores
D results
3. A
behind
B
between
C
among
D without
4. A
logical
B
critical
C
typical
D positive
5. A
place
B
game
C
role
D trick
6. A
capacity
B
disease
C
shape
D treatment
7. A
change
B
hydrogen
C
oxygen
D memory
8. A
what
B
why
C
how
D where
9. A
exercise
B
training
C
strength
D movement
10. A
able
B
clever
C
lucky
D clear
11. A
moderate
B
average
C
lower
D higher
12. A
ignore
B
improve
C
like
D determine
13. A
examination
B
labour
C
movement
D education
14. A
before
B
after
C
without
D during
15. A
marriage
B
life
C
residence
D service
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in
teens
理B
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate"
against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the
University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_
depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the
perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens," says lead
researcher Michael Chaiton, a researchassociate at the Ontario
Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. "_3__
cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve
mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke
reported higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed
up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes to affect
mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French
and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__
in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.
Participants were divided into three _7__: never smokers;
smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood
or physical _8__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.
Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how
often participants felt too tired to do things; had _9__ going to
sleep or staying _10__; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt
hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried
too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of
elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says
co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin, a professor at the University of
Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study
found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from
smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms."
The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among
teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It's _15__ to emphasize
that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who
reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to
smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.
1. A
examine
B
increase
C
decrease
D diagnose
2. A
social
B
financial
C
emotional
D political
3. A
Whatever
B
Although
C
Whenever
D SWhat
4. A
effects
B
methods
C
steps
D directions
5. A
beside
B
beyond
C
in
D about
6. A
exposed
B
expanded
C
located
D detected
7. A
groups
B
sets
C
species
D versions
8. A
world
B
activity
C
state
D beauty
9. A
time
B
courage
C
energy
D trouble
10. A
asleep
B
awake
C
still
D silent
11. A
reducers
B
improvers
C
creators
D removers
12. A
changing
B
identifying
C
developing
D overcoming
13. A
difference
B
association
C
cooperation
D agreement
14. A
occasionally
B
scarcely
C
probably
D principally
15. A
illogical
B
unscientific
C
meaningless
D important
What Is the Coolest Gas in the
Universe?
理 C
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth?
Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded
temperature on Earth was -91℃, which _1_ in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss
temperatures in _2__. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range
from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon _3__ you
are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120 is colder than our
body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space
__4_ that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of
the solar _5__. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and
colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate
temperatures at Pluto are about -120℃. How cold is the lowest
estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends
upon your _6__. We are taught it is supposedly _7__ to have a
temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do
not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have
successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely _8__
absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their
work-not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting
_9__ about special light particles we now call photons. Bose had
trouble _10__ other scientists to believe his theory. _11__ he
contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein's calculations helped him
theorize that atoms _12__ behave as Bose thought - but only at very
cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that _13__ atoms can help them
make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are
so accurate today they would only lose one second _14__ six million
years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance
is velocity times time（d=v × t）. With the long distances involved
in space _15__, we need to know time as accurately as possible to
get accurate distance.
1. A
opened
B
occurred
C
opposed
D operated
2. A
Earth
B
space
C
planet
D star
3. A
whether
B
where
C
what
D when
4. A
foods
B
beds
C tools
D suits
5. A
wind
B
energy
C
system
D rays
6. A
education
B
status
C
knowledge
D location
7. A
reasonable
B
wonderful
C
impossible
D necessary
8. A
above
B
below
C
within
D beyond
9. A
invention
B
theory
C
paper
D experiment
10. A
convincing
B
begging
C
ordering
D forcing
11. A
and
B
though
C
but
D so
12. A
will
B
would
C
must
D can
13. A
ultra-small
B
ultra-fast
C
ultra-hot
D ultra-cold
14. A
any
B
each
C
every
D some
15. A
travel
B
research
C
walk
D station
Scores
理A
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more _1__ to
go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the
Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million
Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and
1976. The research group analyses the _2__ of both physical and IQ
tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the
army.
The study shows a clear link _3__ good physicalfitness and
better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for _4__
thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that
plays a _5__ in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.
"Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and
that your brain gets plenty of _7__," says Michael Nilsson,
professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the
Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons
_8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular
_9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are
important."
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers
have been _10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental
factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a
_11__ IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who
_12__ their physicalfitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase
their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the
Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being
the case, physical _13__ is a subject that has an important place
in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths
and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the
results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the
socio-economic status of the men later in _15__. Those who were fit
at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many
secured more qualified jobs.
1. A
carefully
B
secretly
C
likely
D happily
2. A
answers
B
works
C
scores
D results
3. A
behind
B
between
C
among
D without
4. A
logical
B
critical
C
typical
D positive
5. A
place
B
game
C
role
D trick
6. A
capacity
B
disease
C
shape
D treatment
7. A
change
B
hydrogen
C
oxygen
D memory
8. A
what
B
why
C
how
D where
9. A
exercise
B
training
C
strength
D movement
10. A
able
B
clever
C
lucky
D clear
11. A
moderate
B
average
C
lower
D higher
12. A
ignore
B
improve
C
like
D determine
13. A
examination
B
labour
C
movement
D education
14. A
before
B
after
C
without
D during
15. A
marriage
B
life
C
residence
D service
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in
teens
理B
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate"
against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the
University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_
depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the
perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens," says lead
researcher Michael Chaiton, a researchassociate at the Ontario
Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. "_3__
cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve
mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke
reported higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed
up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes to affect
mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French
and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__
in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.
Participants were divided into three _7__: never smokers;
smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood
or physical _8__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.
Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how
often participants felt too tired to do things; had _9__ going to
sleep or staying _10__; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt
hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried
too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of
elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says
co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin, a professor at the University of
Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study
found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from
smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms."
The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among
teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It's _15__ to emphasize
that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who
reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to
smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.
1. A
examine
B
increase
C
decrease
D diagnose
2. A
social
B
financial
C
emotional
D political
3. A
Whatever
B
Although
C
Whenever
D SWhat
4. A
effects
B
methods
C
steps
D directions
5. A
beside
B
beyond
C
in
D about
6. A
exposed
B
expanded
C
located
D detected
7. A
groups
B
sets
C
species
D versions
8. A
world
B
activity
C
state
D beauty
9. A
time
B
courage
C
energy
D trouble
10. A
asleep
B
awake
C
still
D silent
11. A
reducers
B
improvers
C
creators
D removers
12. A
changing
B
identifying
C
developing
D overcoming
13. A
difference
B
association
C
cooperation
D agreement
14. A
occasionally
B
scarcely
C
probably
D principally
15. A
illogical
B
unscientific
C
meaningless
D important
What Is the Coolest Gas in the
Universe?
理 C
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth?
Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded
temperature on Earth was -91℃, which _1_ in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss
temperatures in _2__. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range
from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon _3__ you
are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120 is colder than our
body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space
__4_ that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of
the solar _5__. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and
colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate
temperatures at Pluto are about -120℃. How cold is the lowest
estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends
upon your _6__. We are taught it is supposedly _7__ to have a
temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do
not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have
successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely _8__
absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their
work-not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting
_9__ about special light particles we now call photons. Bose had
trouble _10__ other scientists to believe his theory. _11__ he
contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein's calculations helped him
theorize that atoms _12__ behave as Bose thought - but only at very
cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that _13__ atoms can help them
make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are
so accurate today they would only lose one second _14__ six million
years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance
is velocity times time（d=v × t）. With the long distances involved
in space _15__, we need to know time as accurately as possible to
get accurate distance.
1. A
opened
B
occurred
C
opposed
D operated
2. A
Earth
B
space
C
planet
D star
3. A
whether
B
where
C
what
D when
4. A
foods
B
beds
C tools
D suits
5. A
wind
B
energy
C
system
D rays
6. A
education
B
status
C
knowledge
D location
7. A
reasonable
B
wonderful
C
impossible
D necessary
8. A
above
B
below
C
within
D beyond
9. A
invention
B
theory
C
paper
D experiment
10. A
convincing
B
begging
C
ordering
D forcing
11. A
and
B
though
C
but
D so
12. A
will
B
would
C
must
D can
13. A
ultra-small
B
ultra-fast
C
ultra-hot
D ultra-cold
14. A
any
B
each
C
every
D some
15. A
travel
B
research
C
walk
D station
- academy [ə´kædəmi]
n.专科学校；学会；协会 (初中英语单词) - research [ri´sə:tʃ] n.&vi.调查；探究；研究 (初中英语单词)
- physical [´fizikəl] a.物质的；有形的 (初中英语单词)
- physician [fi´ziʃən] n.(内科)医生 (初中英语单词)
- absolute [´æbsəlu:t] a.绝对的 n.绝对 (初中英语单词)
- actually [´æktʃuəli] ad.事实上；实际上 (初中英语单词)
- associate [ə´səuʃieit] v.联合a.同伴的n.伙伴 (初中英语单词)
- secondary [´sekəndəri, -deri] a.第二的；次要的 (初中英语单词)
- moderate [´mɔdərit] a.适度的n.温和主义者 (初中英语单词)
- unhappy [ʌn´hæpi] a.不幸的；不快乐的 (初中英语单词)
- emotional [i´məuʃənəl] a.易动感情的；情感的 (初中英语单词)
- depression [di´preʃən] n.沮丧，抑郁；萧条 (初中英语单词)
- encounter [in´kauntə] vt.&n.偶然相遇；冲突 (初中英语单词)
- sunlight [´sʌnlait] n.日光 (初中英语单词)
- obviously [´ɔbviəsli] ad.明显地；显而易见地 (初中英语单词)
- safely [´seifli] ad.安全地；平安地 (初中英语单词)
- endure [in´djuə] vt.忍耐，忍受；坚持 (初中英语单词)
- affect [ə´fekt] vt.影响；感动；假装 (初中英语单词)
- barely [´beəli] ad.公开地；仅仅 (初中英语单词)
- behave [bi´heiv] v.举止；表现；举止端正 (初中英语单词)
- atomic [ə´tɔmik] a.原子的；原子能的 (初中英语单词)
- accurate [´ækjurət] a.准确的；精密的 (初中英语单词)
- comprehension [,kɔmpri´henʃən] n.理解；领悟 (高中英语单词)
- seeing [si:iŋ] see的现在分词 n.视觉 (高中英语单词)
- symptom [´simptəm] n.症状，症候 (高中英语单词)
- universe [´ju:nivə:s] n.天地；全人类；银河系 (高中英语单词)
- accuracy [´ækjurəsi] n.准确(性)；精密度 (高中英语单词)
- primarily [´praimərəli, prai´merəli] ad.首先；主要地 (英语四级单词)
- status [´steitəs] n.身份；情形；状况 (英语四级单词)
- velocity [vi´lɔsiti] n.速度(率)；迅速 (英语四级单词)
- accurately [´ækjuritli] ad.准确地；精密地 (英语四级单词)
- fitness [fitnis] n.适合；健康 (英语六级单词)
- verbal [´və:bəl] a.文字上的；口头的 (英语六级单词)
- depressed [di´prest] a.消沉的；萧条的 (英语六级单词)
- einstein [´ainstain] n.爱因斯坦 (英语六级单词)
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章节正文
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