二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。

　　1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 "a或an"；复数形式是在名词后加 "-s或-es"。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">当名词为：

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; border-left-color: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 54pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="72">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">词尾变化

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">读音

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">例词

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">一般情况

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">加s

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">在清辅音后读/s/

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">chips, jeeps, pats , clocks

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; border-left-color: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; width: 72pt; border-top-color: #ece9d8; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="96">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">在浊辅音或元音后读/z/

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; width: 77.4pt; border-top-color: #ece9d8; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="103">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">加es

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">/iz/

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">watches, boxes, classes, brushes

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">以字母o结尾的单词

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">加s或es

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">/z/

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">zoos, photos, bamboos,

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">以辅音字母+y结尾的单词

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">去y变i加es

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">/z/

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">dictionaries, strawberries,

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">以f或fe结尾的单词

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">去f或fe变v加es

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">/vz/

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">leaves, wives, halves

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">以th结尾的词

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">加s

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">/ðz/; /θz/

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">mouths, paths; months, deaths

　　2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化

　　 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母

　　 eg. man--men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse--mice

　　 ②单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,...

　　 ③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数

　　 eg. a man doctor- men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers

　　 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式

　　 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,

　　 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news

　　 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:

　　(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物，

　　time 时间 --- times 时代，green 绿色 ---greens 青菜

　　(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物

　　eg. hope ---hopes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦

　　(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示

　　eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, ...

关键字:初三英语语法
生词表: