酷兔英语

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句型不同,句义有别

  在《词序不同,句义有异》一文里,谈到"形似义异"的句子。这里要从句型的变化来看句义的不同。最后还要看看同一个句子,却有两个意思。

  先看句型不同,句义有别的句子。

  ① We/watched/ the sunset.

  ② We/watched/the sun/set.

  ①里的句型是"主语+动词+宾语"。②里的句型是"主语+动词+ 宾语+不带'to'的不定式动词"。①的意思是"某人看某事";② 的意思是"某人看某事发生"。

  ③ Tom/ is/ going to play.

  ④ Tom/ is going/ to school.

  ③的句型是"主语+动词+补足语"。④里的句型是"主语+动词+ 副词短语"。③的意思是"汤姆将要去玩耍"。④的意思是"汤姆在去学校途中"。

  ⑤ The cow/ is used/ to do the farm work.

  ⑥ The cow/ is/ used to doing the farm work.

  ⑤是被动语态(the passive voice);⑥是主动语态(the active voice)。⑤的句型是"主语+助动词+过去分词+不定式动词短语"。

  ⑥的句型是"主语+动词+补足语"。注意⑥的补足语(the complement)是个形容词短语"used to",意思是"习惯于",如:

  ⑦ Are you used to eating in a canteen?

  ⑧ Some people are not used to living in a foreign land.

  最后来看看一些"一句二义"的句子:

  ⑨ All schools here have trained teachers.
   a. All schools here HAVE TRAINED teachers.
   b. All schools here have TRAINED teachers.
  (a)指的是"在训练教师";(b)指的是"有受过训练的教师"。

  ⑩ Mr Li is a Chinese dress tailor.
   a. Mr Li is a CHINESE dress tailor.
   b. Mr Li is a CHINESE DRESS tailor.

  (a)里的"李先生是个华籍裁缝师";(b)里的"李先生是个华人服装的裁缝师"。

  (11) Jenny doesn't have a single companion.
   a. Jenny doesn't have A SINGLE companion.
   b. Jenny doesn't have a SINGLE companion.

  (a)里的"珍妮连一个同伴都没有";(b)里的"珍妮没有未婚的同伴"。

  (12) It is good news that his wife is expecting.

  这句话蕴涵着两个意思:

  (a)"他太太在等待的是个好消息";(b)"有个好消息,就是他太太快生产了"。

  (a)和(b)的不同根源于"that his wife is expecting"这句话。它可以是形容词从句(the adjectiveclause),也可以是名词从句(the noun clause)。

  根据(a)的语义,所需的是个形容词从句。根据(b)的意思,需要的是充当同位语的名词从句(the noun clause as the noun in apposition)。

  下面这个"that... small"名词从句也是名词"The fact"的同位语;

  (13) The fact that our country is small is undeniable.


关键字:英语讲义
生词表:
  • adjective移动到这儿单词发声 n.形容词 四级词汇
  • clause移动到这儿单词发声 n.条(款);分句,从句 四级词汇


文章标签:句型  讲义    

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