http://www.qeto.com/
语 法 一些常用介词的基本词义和用法辩异
语 法
一、介词(前置词)preposition
定义:起介绍、媒介作用的词
位置:通常放在名词、短语或从句之前。介词+宾语=介词短语(prepositional phrase)
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。它是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,但是介词有其基本的词意。
介词的搭配能力很强,介词短语用于表达种种不同的意思,还可以担任句子成分,(表、定、状语和补语)。介词的使用主要是习惯问题,英语中大部分
惯用语都是由介词与其他词的搭配构成的。
如何正确使用介词?做到两点:了解基本词意和记忆常用的固定搭配
1.表示时间的介词(三组)
(1)at、in、on、during
at 表示确切的时间点或较短暂的一段时间,
in表示一天中的各部分时间,如上午、下午、晚上等,或较长的时间,如星期、月、季、年、年代、世纪等。
on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午等。
during表示一段时间,强调时间的延续,意为"在.........期间""在......过程"
(2)for, since
for也表示一段时间,强调时间是经过的长久。表示时间区间,可长可短。
Since表示"从某时其直到现在"之意常用于带有完成体动词的句子中。从某时起到现在。
(3)from, by
from 表示"从某时起"到某个时间,这个时间可以是过去、现在或将来。
by表示"到某时止"、"不迟于"、"在某时以前"。
2.表示地点的介词(五组)
(1)in,at, into, within
(2)over,above 是不是应该显示手写板
(3)under, below, beneath
(4)at, to, towards, for
(5)between, among(st)
3.意义相近,容易混淆的介词(三组)
(1)关于 of, about, on
(2)由于 due to, owing to
(3)除去 except, except for
建议以1.的修改方法将第2、3、补充一下。参照教材和老师的讲解补充完整。
补充一点: besides与except的区别及举例
besides 是除...之外还有... except是整个除外,还除...
Our teacher invited five of usbesides Tom.
除了汤姆以外我们老师还邀请了我们五个人。(除了...以外还有)
Our teacher invited all of usexcept Tom.
除了汤姆,我们老师邀请了所有的人。(除去,没有,排除在外,不包括在内)
二、that引导名词从句和定语从句的用法
1.that 引导名词从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句)作连接词时,在从句中无实际意义,也不担任句子成分。
(主语从句)It is strange that she didn't comeyesterday.
(宾语从句)They say (that) he is much better.
We consider it necessary that aplan should be made before doing a work.
(表语从句)One idea is that fish is the bestbrain food .
(同位语从句)There is no doubt that manypeople benefit from heart surgery.
2.that 引导限制性
定语从句,作关系代词代替先行词,在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语。
(在第二单元中,讲了that 与which 引导
定语从句的区别)
Here is the pen that / which youlost last night.
The woman that / who you saw inthe park is our English teacher.
练 习
一、
英译汉重点单词词组:
1.
research 2.
attach 3.underlie 4.
relevant 5.
positive 6.possession 7.desirable 8.relaxation 9.occupation 10.urban
11.acquire 12.
participation be
concerned with be
relevant to to set ... as objective
二、英译汉重点句子
1.People in
advanced industrialsocieties are
increasinglyconcerned with opportunities for
leisure.
2.The importance people
attach topaid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass
entertainment andrecreation are signs of this increasing concern.
3.The
specific use of
leisure variesfrom individual to individual.
4.Since
leisure is basicallyself-determined, one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and getinvolved in an activity in ways that will bring
enjoyment and satisfaction.
5.Basically, such attitudes
amountto a
recognition that
leisure is an important area of life and a
belief thatLeisure can and should be put to good use.
6.For example, the degree to which andthe ways in which a school
encourages
participation in games, sports andcultural pursuits are likely to
contribute to the shaping of
leisure attitudeson the part of the students.
7.Schools usually set as their educationalobjective the
attainment of a balanced development of the person.
8.The more
seriously this is sought,the more likely
positive attitudes towards
leisure as well as
academic workwill be
encouraged.
三、汉译英
1.生活质量这一术语涉及很广泛。
The term"qualityof life" covers a very wide scope.
2.在生活节奏快,工作压力大的社会中,放松一下有利于健康。
In a fast-paced stressful society,it is good for health to set aside some time to relax oneself.
It's good for one's health to findtime to relax in a society of fast-paced and stressful work.
3.人们的兴趣和爱好与社会环境和个人学习经历有关。
People 's interests and hobbiesare
related to social contexts and their
learning experiences.
People's interests and preferencesare all
related to social contexts and individual
learning experiences.
4.积极的休闲态度是鼓励人们创造性地利用空闲时间的基础。
The
positive attitude towards
leisure is the
foundation to
encourage people's
creative use of their sparetime.
A
positiveleisure attitude is the
foundation for motivating people to use their
leisure in a
creative way .
5.研究与观察结果表明,人们越来越关心生活的质量。
The findings of
research andobservation indicate that people are more and more
concerned with the qualityof life.
Observations and
researches indicatethat people are
increasinglyconcerned with the quality of life.
四、历年考题
1.A good
schedule must have alittle give so that special projects can _____(take)care of
properly. (99.4)
答案:be taken 。
考点:情态动词的
被动语态。
2.Since
leisure is basically self-determined,one should get involved _____ an activity in ways that will bring
enjoyment andsatisfaction. (99.4)
A. in
B. of
C. towards
D. with
答案: A .
考点:词组 get /be involved in 参与... ;卷入...
3.The importance of these _____(vary) according to the nature of one's job and one'slifestyle. (99.10)
答案:varies
考点:
一般现在时单数第三人称形式。
4.This will not only keep the studyhabit alive but also _____(keep) you up to date on your class assignments andprojects.
答案:keep。
考点:not only 与but also 后的词的形式应一致。
5.The
specific use of
leisure _____from individual to individual. (00.4)
A. ranges
B. distinguishes
C. varies
D. covers
答案:C。
分析:此题考查不及物动词vary 的用法。搭配为:vary ... from ... to 各不相同。
6.The more time you waste, the______(easy) it is to continue
wasting time. (00.4)
答案:easier。
考点:the more ... the more 句型,表示"越... 越..."。
7.Such attitudes
amount to a
belief_____
leisure can and should be put to good use. (01.4)
A. which
B. if
C. whether
D. that
答案:that。
考点:that 引导同位语从句修饰
belief 。
8.This will not only keep the studyhabit alive but also keep you up to _____ on your class assignments andprojects. (01.4)
A. day
B. date
C. number
D. time
答案:B。
考点:词组 up to date 最新的,keep you up to date 表示跟得上....
9.汉译英:人们越来越关注休闲的机会。(99.4)
答案: People are
increasinglyconcernedwith opportunities for
leisure.
10.汉译英:众所周知,即使同样的休闲活动,不同的人使用的方式也不同。(00.4)
答案:It is well known that even thesame
leisure activity may be used
differently by different individuals.