在英语中,每个句子都有两个基本部分:一个完整的主语和一个完整的谓语。
完整的主题是简单的主语(名词或代词)加上修改简单主题的任何单词或单词组,用于说明句子的内容或内容:
The high from my Mountain Dew usually lasts about an hour.
要找到完整的主语,问谁? 或者是什么? 插入动词,然后完成问题。 答案是完整的主语:
What usually lasts about an hour? The high from my Mountain Dew.
简单主语是作为名词的基本名词,代名词或一组词,不能被排除在完整主语之外。 为了识别它,删除补充和修饰符,剩下的就是简单的主语:
article | simple subject | prepositional phrase | predicate |
---|---|---|---|
The | high | from my Mountain Dew | usually lasts about an hour. |
TIP: Does the sentence make sense with just the word ("high") identified as the simple subject?
(The) high usually lasts about an hour.
有时,如在命令性句子(见动词情绪)的情况下,主语实际上并不出现在句子中。 在这种时候,看不见的主语被称为“understood you”:
(You) Rent The Last of the Mohicans from the video store.
虽然主题最常出现在动词之前,但也可以在以“There”there are“有”开头的句子中出现。 “There”是一个虚词或助语词的单词,只是简单地开始了句子:
There are precious few hills in Illinois. vs. Precious few hills are in Illinois.
Sentences can also be inverted for effect:
Happy is the wife of Harrison Ford. vs. The wife of Harrison Ford is happy.
完整的谓词是动词加上它的宾语,补语和状语修饰语,它们告诉完整主语的作用或是什么:
The high from my Mountain Dew usually lasts about an hour.
To find the complete predicate, ask "What does the subject (the high) do?" (It) usually lasts about an hour.
The simple predicate is the essential verb or verb phrase that cannot be left out of the complete predicate. Again, remove the modifiers and complements to identify it:
article | simple subject | prepositional phrase | adverb | simple predicate | prepositional phrase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The | high | from my Mountain Dew | usually | lasts | about an hour |
提示:只有被识别为简单谓语的单词,句子才有意义吗?
The high from my Mountain Dew lasts.
虽然到目前为止的例子只包含一个主语和一个动词,但句子可能包含复合主语,复合谓语或两者。
复合主语由两个或多个具有相同动词并且通过诸如的连词连接的主语组成 "and" or "or":
Spencer and Annie wagged their tails.
The compound predicate consists of two or more verbs that have the same subject and are joined by a conjunction such as "and" or "or":
I came, saw, and conquered.