酷兔英语

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   十一、主谓一致

  【考点直击】

  1. 语法一致的原则

  2. 意义一致的原则

  3. 邻近一致的原则

  【名师点睛】

  谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓

  一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

  1. 语法一致的原则

  (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:

  He goes to school early every morning.

  The children are playing outside.

  To work hard is necessary for a student.

  (2)由and或both......and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

  Both he and I are right.

  Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

  但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:

  His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

   The poet and writer has come.

   (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

   In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

   Each man and each woman is asked to help.

  (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:

  The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

  Nobody but two boys was late for class.

  Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

  (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:

  A lot of people are dancing outside.

  The police are looking for lost boy.

   (6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:

   Is everybody ready?

   Somebody is using the phone.

   (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

   Where are my shoes? I can't find them.

   Your trousers are dirty. You'd better change them.

   如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:

   Here are some new pairs of shoes.

   My new pair of socks is on the bed.

  2. 意义一致的原则

  (1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:

  Twenty years is not a long time.

  Ten dollars is too dear.

  (2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:

  My family is big one.

  My family are watching TV.

  (3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:

  All of the work has been finished.

  All of the people have gone.

   (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:

   Who is your brother?

   Who are League members?

   (5)"分数或百分数+of+名词"构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:

   It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.

   Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

  (6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:

   I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.

   Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

   (7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

   What she said is correct.

   What she left me are a few old books.

   (8)凡是以"定冠词+形容词(或分词)"作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

   The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

   The dead is a famous person.

  3. 邻近一致的原则

  (1)由连词or, either......or, neither......nor, not only...but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:

  Either you or I am right.

  Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

  (2)在"There be" 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

     There are two apples and one egg in it.

    (3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。

     He as well as I is responsible for it.

     不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。

   (4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

   Here is a letter and some books for you.

  【实例解析】

  1. (2004年天津市中考试题)

   How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.

   A. have B. has C. is D. are

   答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

  2. (2004年南通市中考试题)

   Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven't been back.

   A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone

   答案:D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only...but also连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用has gone而不用has been。

  3. (2004年吉林市中考试题)

   Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.

   A. nor I am B. nor I are

   C. or me are D. or me is

   答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither...nor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。

  4. (2004年包头市中考试题)

   Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.

   A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers

   C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers

   答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)

  【中考演练】

  一. 选择填空

  1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.

   A. is B. was C. are D. were

  2. ---When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?

   ---I haven't decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.

   A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also

  3. ______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.

   A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B

  4. _______ of them has his own opinion.

   A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each

  5. Are there any _______ on the farm?

   A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep

  6. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.

  A. are; are B. are; is

  C. is; is D. is; are

  7. ------Two months _______ quite a long time.

  ------Yes. I'm afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.

  A. is B. are C. was D. were

  8. The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him.

  A. both B. none C. neither D. all

  9. Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.

  A. be B. is C. are D. were

  10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.

  A. is B. was C. are D. were

  11. Most of the houses _______ this year.

  A. has built B. have built

  C. has been built D. have been built

  12. I think maths _____ very difficult to learn.

  A. is B. are C. has D. have

  13. A large number of students _____ to work in Xingjiang.

  A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going

  14. The number of the students in the class ______ small.

  A. are B. is C. have D. were

  15. There _____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.

  A. is B. are C. was D. were

  二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空

  1. _____ (be) everything OK?

  2. Nobody _______ (know) the answer to the question.

  3. Ten divided by two _______ (be) five.

  4. Most of the drinking water ______ (be) from the Black River.

  5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.

  6. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision.

  7. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.

  8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.

  9. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.

  10. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.

  三. 翻译下列句子

  1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。

   ___________________________.

  2.我的茶杯里没有水了。

   ___________________________.

  3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。

   ___________________________.

  4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。

   ___________________________.

  5.我们家正在一起度周末。

   ___________________________.

  【练习答案】

  一. 1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A

  二. 1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was; were

  三. 1.Neither of us has seen the film.

  2.There is no water in my cup.

  3.Either he or I is going there.

  4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.

  5.Our family are spending the weekend together.



关键字:初三英语语法
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