代 词

　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

　　一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。

　　二、 代词的用法

　　1． 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示"我" "你" "他" "我们" "你们" "他们"。请看下表：

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 数

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 格

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 人称

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">复数

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">主格

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">宾格

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 第一人称

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">we

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">me

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">we

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">us

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 第二人称

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">you

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">you

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">you

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">you

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; width: 75.1pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 19.7pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly" width="100" rowspan="3">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 第三人称

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">he

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">him

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">they

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">them

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> she

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> her

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> it

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> it

　　(1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.

　　(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They don't want me to go there alone.

　　 Don't worry. I can look after her.

　　(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：--- Who's that? --- It's me.

　　注意：①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如：

　　 You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。

　　 ②人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。例如：

　　 It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。

　　 ③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如：

　　 The ship is leaving. She's on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。

　　 We love our country, we hope she'll be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。

　　 ④It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如：

　　 It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。

　　 ⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：

　　 It is not easy to learn English well.

　　 It is good for you taking a walk after supper.

　　 I found it difficult to sleep.

　　 ⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如：

　　 You, he and I are all the winners.

　　 I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.

　　2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 词义

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 类型

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">我的

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">他的

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">她的

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">它的

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">我们的

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">你们的

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">他/她/它们的

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">形容词性物主代词

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">my

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">your

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">his

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">her

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">its

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">our

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">your

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.7pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">their

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; width: 99.75pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="133">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">名词性物主代词

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margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">mine

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">yours

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">his

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">hers

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">its

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">ours

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.65pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">yours

style="border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 42.7pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 29pt; background-color: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" width="57">

margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center">theirs

　　（1） 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语， 后面跟名词。例如：

　　To our surprise, he has passed the exam.

　　 (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：

　　 May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语)