Quantizing Noise

　　In any analog to digital conversion process, e.g., PCM, quantizing noise is the difference between the converted binary value and the actual analog signal's amplitude.

RAO

　　Revenue Accounting Office

　　RBHC

　　Regional Bell Holding Company

　　RBOC

　　Regional Bell Operating company

　　RBS

　　robbed bit signaling

　　Regional Bell Holding Company (RBHC)

　　RBHC is one of 7 regional companies created by the AT&T divestiture to assume ownership of the Bell operating companies. They are Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, Bell South, NYNEX, Pacific Telesis, Southwestern Bell and US West.

　　Repeater

　　In digital transmission, a repeater is equipment that receives a pulse train, amplifies it, retimes it, and then reconstructs the signal for retransmission. In IEEE 802 local area network (LAN) standards, a repeater is essentially two transceivers joined back to back and attached to two adjacent LAN segments. See transceiver.

　　RFC

　　request for comment

　　RFE

　　Request for Engineering

　　RFI

　　radio frequency interference

　　RFP

　　request for proposal

　　RF

　　radio frequency

　　Routers

　　In IEEE 802 local area network (LAN) standards, routers are devices that connect autonomous networks of like architecture at the network layer (layer 3). Unlike a bridge which operates transparently to communicating end-terminals at the logical link layer (layer 2), a router reacts only to packets addressed to it by either a terminal or another router. Routers perform packet (as opposed to frame) routing and forwarding functions; they can select one of many potential paths based on transit delay, network congestion or other criteria. How routers perform their functions is largely determined by the protocols implemented in the networks they interconnect.

　　RSU

　　remote switching unit

　　RBOC - Regional Bell Operating Company. In December 1983, a federal judge ordered AT&T to divide their 22 telephone companies into seven regional operating companies. The United States Department of Justice placed several restrictions on the RBOCs: they were not allowed to provide long distance, equipment manufacturing, or information services.

　　RED - Rural Economic Development. A program administered by TDS Telecom and other phone companies which includes advocating for rural development funding at the Federal and State levels. This program is designed to support local companies' efforts with economic development projects in their communities.

　　Redundant Connectivity - A system of backup connections that ensures the network will continue functioning even if a problem is encountered on one of the connections.

　　Router - Highly sophisticated systems that connect local area networks (LANs).

　　RUS - Rural Utilities Service. The RUS is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture. It's a source of financing and technical assistance for rural telecommunication systems.
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