酷兔英语

单项填空典型陷阱题透析

高考命题者常常改用熟悉的句型结构,利用一些词或短语搭配来制造陷阱,误导考生掉入所设陷阱,从而让考生在非常神气的心情中快速地得出错误的答案。针对这种情况,同学们平时应学会深入分析句式结构及成分(尤其是长句难句),认真分析语境,找出其特殊性。要时刻记住:语意第一,语法第二的解题原则。高考试题万变不离其宗,只要同学们有扎实的语言基础知识,把握住命题者的思路,就能在高考中立于不败之地。











1. 思维定势型







思维定势是指思维在形式上常常采用的、比较固定的甚或是相对凝固的一种思维逻辑、思维推理、思维内容,它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思维条件反射。思维定势是一把双刃剑,如果运用得当,它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来,并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理,并很快得出正确的结论;但若运用不当,它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱,得出错误的结论。







例1. It was a pity that the great writer died________ his works unfinished.(2004福建)



A. for B. with C. from D. of



解析:答案为B。此题容易误选答案C 或D。die 后接不同的介词,表示不同的意思。die for 表示死的目的,die of/from 表示死的原因。但是根据句子的意思此题并不是考查此用法,而是考查独立主格结构的一种形式,即with + 名词+动词的过去分词。此处的his work 与unfinish为被动关系,故用过去分词unfinished。故选答案B。







例2. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _______ in my study.



A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. to be locked



解析:答案为B。此题很容易误选A,以为是考查spend...(in)doing结构。根据句意"为了不被打扰,我锁在书房里呆了三小时",可以看出该句不是spend...(in)doing结构。细细分析,其实我们不难看出I was locked in my study这层含义,也就是说,locked in my study描绘了主语I的一种状态。因此该题答案应该为B。







例3. Mr Smith is______ a good teacher_______ we all respect.



A. such, that B. such, as? C. so, that D. so, as



解析:答案为B。此题容易误选A,一方面是因为such...that...是同学们很熟悉的一个句式,一看就可能选中了;另一方面,将such...that...的意思"如此......以至......"代入句中,也完全通顺。但在such...that...结构中,that引导的是结果状语从句,并且that在从句中不充当句子成分,若在上句填入such...that...,句末的respect显然缺少宾语(注意:respect是及物动词)。因此正确答案应是B,as用做关系代词,用以引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词teacher,同时as在定语从句中用做动词respect的宾语。但假若在原句的respect后加上him一词,则应选A。







2.规则硬套型







所谓"规则硬套",即指不从语言实际出发,不考虑特定的语言环境,而是机械地套用语法规则,生搬硬套语法的条条框框,同学们如果这样去学语言,那就难免出错了。







例4.He made up his mind to devote his life ___________pollution________ happily.



A. to prevent, to live  B. to prevent, from living



C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, from living



解析:答案为C。此题容易误选B,认为第一空应填to prevent(即认为其中的to为不定式符号),第二空应填from living,因为prevent ... from doing sth是一个常用句型。其实错了,第一空涉及的结构是devote ... to ... (把......奉献给......),其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号;第二空从表面上看涉及的是prevent ... from ...结构,但其实不是。因为在prevent sb/sth from doing sth(阻止某人/某事做某事)这一句型中,prevent后的宾语(sb/sth)应与其后动名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而上面例句中的"污染"与"生活愉快"没有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以不适宜用prevent ... from ...结构。选项C中的不定式to live happily在句中用做目的状语。







例5.Mike's father, as well as his mother, insisted that he _________at home.



A. stayed B. could stay C. had stayed D. stay



解析:答案为D。不要看到insisted,就以为后面动词形式也要用过去时。insist 表示坚决要求时, 后面的宾语从句用should +动词原形,should可以省略,只保留动词原形。故选答案D。







例6. If you want to go to see the movie,so_________ I.



A. do B. am C. will D. should



解析:答案为C。通常,很多同学以为"so+助动词+主语"结构应该与前句的动词保持一致。因此,当看到此题前句是一般现在时态时,往往会误选答案A。正确答案应为C。如果前一句中只有行为动词,该结构应依据人称与时态选用助动词do/does/did, 如:You want to go to see the movie. So do I .如果前一句用了一般现在时的if 条件句,那么该结构中应用助动词shall/ will, 如该题。







3.母语干扰型







学外语最忌母语干扰,但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固,所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响,干扰学习者学习正确、地道的外语。命题者也往往利用这一点,制造陷阱。







例7. I'll come to see you if_______.



A. you're convenient B. it is convenient for you



C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you



解析:答案为B。但很容易误选A或C,因为按汉语意思,我们常说"如果你方便的话",所以许多同学就将此直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事实上,英语中convenient的意思不是"感到方便的",而是"使人感到方便的",所以be convenient的主语不能是"人"。要表示"如果你方便的话",英语通常说if it is convenient for(to)you,其中的介词可用for或to,但一般不用with。







例8. _________, the vitamin C in them will be destroyed.



A. If vegetables are cooked too long B. If cooked too long



C. If cooking too long D. If being cooked too long



解析:答案为A。此题容易误选答案B。该句意为"如果蔬菜被烹调的时间过长,那么里面的维生素C就会被破坏。"要注意,在英语中只有主从句的主语一致时,才可以把从句的主语省略掉。在这里主从句的主语不一致,从句的主语是vegetables,主句的主语是the vitamin C in them,因此不能省略。故选答案A。







4.插入隔离型







有时一个本来很简单的句子,由于表达的需要,在其中置入一个插入成分,或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属"非正常"的位置,则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难(尤其是阅读能力不是很好的同学会更感困难)。







例9. Is there a shop around ________ we can buy some toilet articles?



A. that B. which? C. where D. what



解析:答案为C。此题很容易误选B,认为around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词shop,在此用做介词around的宾语。此分析语法上并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个商店,在它的附近我们可以买到梳妆用品。这样的句意显然不合事理,因为人们通常总是在商店里面买东西,而不是在商店附近买东西。其实此题的最佳选项应是C,其中的around是副词(意为"在附近"),而不是介词,其后where引导的定语从句修饰其前的地点名词shop,句意为"附近有没有我们可以买到梳妆用品的商店?"







例10. Which do you enjoy _______ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?



A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend



解析:答案为B。很多同学以为此题考查enjoy doing sth 结构,同时又受到fishing or watching TV的干扰,误以为答案为A,其实正确答案为B。在此which 是enjoy的宾语,fishing or watching TV 表示对which的选择,to spend your weekends在该句中作状语,表示目的。







例11. He ran as fast as he could __________the bus.



A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught



解析:答案为B。同学们都知道,像can, may, must, could, might, should等情态动词,其后要接动词原形(即不带to的不定式),于是好多同学不假思索地就选了动词原形,那样就都错了。这是因为情态动词could 后本来有动词原形run,只是被省略了,即此句的完整形式应是...so he ran as fast as he could run to catch the early bus,其中的不定式to catch the early bus 为目的状语。







5.借用倒装型







英语句子的一般语序为"主语部分+谓语部分"。如果把谓语放到主语前面,我们称之为倒装。命题者就利用这种"不正常"的句式跟你"绕弯子"。解决类似的题目,关键是要熟悉倒装规则,学会识别倒装句。







例12. _______he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.



A. When B. If? C. Had D. Has



解析:答案应选C,但容易误选B。不能选B,主要是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would have succeeded,这表明是对过去事实作出的假设,所以从句谓语应该是had followed,如果选B,句子应该是if he had followed my advice。但按英语语法,在此类表示虚拟条件的从句中,若有had, should, were等词,便可省略if,而将had, should, were提前置于句首。







这样的例子太多了,这里我们就不再罗列了。希望同学们通过对这些典型陷阱题的学习和研究,能真正抓住陷阱题的本质,排除陷阱题中的干扰,学会识别陷阱的方法,掌握跳出陷阱的技巧。以下是精选的典型题目,就请你"雾里看花","水中望月",练练身手吧!







1. _______smoking here will be fined.



A. Who B. Whomever C. Anyone D. Whoever



2. After_______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.



A. which B .it? C. what D. that?



3. _______is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.



A. It B. As? C. That D. What



4. He is always really rude, ______is why people tend to avoid him.



A. that B. it? C. this D. which



5. He had a lot of friends, none of _______ could lend him any money.



A. whom B. them C. which D. who



6. Mr. Smith is a painter, _______ I should also like to be.



A. that B. which? C. who D. it?



7. According to the rules, students must not_______ their books during examinations.



A. read B. watch? C. notice D. look at



8. Every boy and girl_______ the book and they each________ to buy one.



A. like, want B. likes, wants? C. likes, want D. like, wants



9. _______is his favorite subject, but he doesn't know _______ for "gongzuo".



A. English, English B. The English, the English C. English, the English D. The English, English



10. China is larger than_______ country in Asia.



A. any B. any other C. other D. another



11. Remind him_______ the window when he leaves.



    A. of closing B. closing? C. to close D. close



  12. You are right, we are not interested _______ to stories, but now we'd be interested _______your story.



A. in listening, in hearing B. to listen, to hear C. in listening, to hear D. to listen, in hearing



13. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin.



A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy



14. It was 10 o'clock ________ the front doorbell rang.



  A. where B. when C. that D. which



  15. ________, we went for a swim.



  A. Being hot B. It being hot C. As it is hot D. It was hot



  16. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ________ English



  A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn



  17.--Did they all pass the driving test?



    --No, ________ only three of them who passed it.



  A. there was B. that was C. there were D. it was



  18. The "Two Cities" referred ________ London and Paris.



  A. is to B. to be C. to are D. to going to be



19. This is the main use that the scientists make ________ of natural resources.



  A. it B. which C. use D. /



  20.--Do you have anything more ________,sir?



    --No. You can have a rest or do something else.



  A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type















答案提示:



1. C. smoking here做后置定语修饰主语anyone。假如把smoking改为smokes, 那就选D。



2. C. after 在此处是介词,宾语是what seemed like hours。



3. B.as在此是"这一点的意思",引导的是定语从句,代表后面整句话的意思。假如把逗号改为that, 那答案就选A, it 是形式主语,that 从句为主语从句



4. D. which 引导非限制性定语从句,指的是上面整句话的意思。假如把逗号改为句号,空格处可以填It或That。



5. A.非限制性定语从句,of 是介词,后用宾格。



6. B. which 引导非限制性定语从句,指的是上面整句话的意思。



7. D. 句意为"学生们考试时不能看书(作弊)",不是读书的意思。



8. C. every boy and girl 做主语,谓语动词用单数。



9. C. 第一个English指的是语言,而第二个指的是"gongzuo" 的英语单词。



10. B. 中国是亚洲的一个国家。如果和其他洲的国家进行比较,那就不用加other。



11. C.remind sb to do sth意思是提醒某人去做什么 (后不接动名词),而remind sb of sth意思是提醒某人注意什么。



12. C. ....we'd be interested to hear your story意思是"听到你的故事会很感兴趣"。后用动词不定时。



13. A. and 连接了三个动作,went, bought, visited。



14. B.不是强调句型,it 在此指的是时间。



15. B. 前后主语不一致,不能选A。C项时态不符。因为句子之间没连接词,不能选D。



16. A.情态动词could 后本来有动词原形spend,只是被省略了。



17. D. 强调句型。



18. C. referred to 在此做后置定语。



19. D. .... that the scientists make of 是定语从句,修饰use。make use of 为固定短语,意思是"利用"。



20. B. 如果type是主语做的,就用主动形式,如果不是主语做的,就用被动形式。在此,type不是主语做的,就用被动形式。
关键字:学习解惑
生词表:
  • fishing [´fiʃiŋ] 移动到这儿单词发声 n.钓鱼;捕鱼;渔业 四级词汇


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