五. 地基应力和变形

1.soft soil软土

2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力

3.effective stress有效应力

4.total stress总应力

5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度

6.low activity低活性

7.sensitivity灵敏度

8.triaxial test三轴试验

9.foundation design基础设计

10.recompaction再压缩

11.bearing capacity承载力

12.soil mass土体

13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）

14.concentrated load集中荷载

15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体

16.homogeneous均质

17.isotropic各向同性

18.strip footing条基

19.square spread footing方形独立基础

20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）

21.dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载

22.live load活载

23.short -term transient load短期瞬时荷载

24.long-term transient load长期荷载

25.reduced load折算荷载

26.settlement沉降

27.deformation变形

28.casing套管

29.dike=dyke堤（防）

30.clay fraction粘粒粒组

31.physical properties物理性质

32.subgrade路基

33.well-graded soil级配良好土

34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土

35.normal stresses正应力

36.shear stresses剪应力

37.principal plane主平面

38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力

39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件

40.FEM=finite element method有限元法

41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法

42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力

43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力

44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量

45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数

46.compression index压缩指数

47.swelling index回弹指数

48.geostatic stress自重应力

49.additional stress附加应力

50.total stress总应力

51.final settlement最终沉降

52.slip line滑动线

六. 基坑开挖与降水

1 excavation开挖（挖方）

2 dewatering（基坑）降水

3 failure of foundation基坑失稳

4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护

5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起

6 retaining wall挡土墙

7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布

8 dewatering method降低地下水位法

9 well point system井点系统（轻型）

10 deep well point深井点

11 vacuum well point真空井点

12 braced cuts支撑围护

13 braced excavation支撑开挖

14 braced sheeting支撑挡板

七. 深基础--deep foundation

1.pile foundation桩基础

1)cast -in-place灌注桩

diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩

bored pile钻孔桩

special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩

piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩

rammed bulb pile夯扩桩

2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础

drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩

under-reamed bored pier

3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩

4)steel pile钢桩

steel pipe pile钢管桩

steel sheet pile钢板桩

5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩

prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩

2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）

3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙　截水墙

4.friction pile摩擦桩

5.end-bearing pile端承桩

6.shaft竖井；桩身

7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析

8.pile caps承台（桩帽）

9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力

10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验

11.ultimatelateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力

12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验

13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力

14.low pile cap低桩承台

15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台

16.vertical ultimateuplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力

17.silent piling静力压桩

18.uplift pile抗拔桩

19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩

20.pile groups群桩

21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）

22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应

23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术

24.final set最后贯入度

25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验

26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验

27.pile head=butt桩头

28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）

29.pile spacing桩距

30.pile plan桩位布置图

31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置

32.group action群桩作用

33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻

34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻

35.pile cushion桩垫

36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩

37.pile pulling test拔桩试验

38.pile shoe桩靴

39.pile noise打桩噪音

40.pile rig打桩机

八. 地基处理--ground treatment

1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范

2.cushion垫层法

3.preloading预压法

4.dynamic compaction强夯法

5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法

6.vibroflotation method振冲法

7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩

8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩

9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩

10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩

11.cement column水泥桩

12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩

13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法

14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法

15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩

lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩

lime soil pile灰土挤密桩

16.chemical stabilization化学加固法

17.surface compaction表层压实法

18.surcharge preloading超载预压法

19.vacuum preloading真空预压法

20.sand wick袋装砂井

21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物

22.composite foundation复合地基

23.reinforcement method加筋法

24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法

25.freezing and heating冷热处理法

26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理

27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理

28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理

29.artificial foundation人工地基

30.natural foundation天然地基

31.pillow褥垫

32.soft clay ground软土地基

33.sand drain砂井

34.root pile树根桩

35.plastic drain塑料排水带

36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率
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