酷兔英语

现在,大家都向谁寻求商业建议呢?


Who are people turning to nowadays for business advice?


答案是"知名经济学家"。


Celebrity economists.


在最近一期为《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journa)编制的"最具影响力商业思想者"的榜单中,以保罗•克鲁格曼(Paul Krugman)、约瑟夫•斯蒂格利茨(Joseph Stiglitz)、迈克尔•波特(Michael Porter)、罗伯特•莱克(Robert Reich)和穆罕默德•尤努斯(Muhammad Yunus)为代表的多位大名鼎鼎的经济学家榜上有名。


Big-name experts on the economy like Paul Krugman, Joseph Stiglitz, Michael Porter, Robert Reich and Muhammad Yunus feature prominently in a new ranking of influential business thinkers compiled for The Wall Street Journal.


基于谷歌(Google)搜索、媒体提及以及学术引用次数的这一榜单结果显示出,自2008年以来,人们心目中的商业领袖排名已经发生了巨大的变化。于2008年发布的上次榜单也是基于相似的方法编制而成的。在2008年的榜单中位居榜首的是作家兼顾问加里•哈默尔(Gary Hamel),今年这一位置已被克鲁格曼所取代。


The findings based on Google hits, media mentions and academic citations show just how much the business-guru landscape has changed since 2008, when a previous ranking was conducted using similar methodology. Author and consultant Gary Hamel ranked No. 1 at the time, a spot now occupied by Krugman.


巴布森学院(Babson College)的管理学教授、《最优理念》(What's the Big Idea?)一书(于2003年出版)的作者汤姆•达文波特(Tom Davenport)表示:"我把最新的榜单视作知名经济学家的入侵。"


'I call the new list the invasion of the celebrity economists,' says Tom Davenport a management professor at Babson College and author of the 2003 book, 'What's the Big Idea?'


达文波特和杰弗里•克罗宁(Jeffrey Cronin)联合编制了今年的"最具影响力商业思想者"榜单,克罗宁是哈佛商学院(HBS)的图书馆研究馆员。达文波特表示,商业和管理话题已经不再是人们热衷讨论的内容,原因是当前缺乏类似于分别在上世纪80年代和90年代席卷全美的六西格玛(Six Sigma)和企业流程再造(Business Process Re-engineering)那样的大趋势。他说:"当今并不存在真正的超级焦点。"


Davenport, who compiled this year's ranking with Jeffrey Cronin, a researchlibrarian at HBS, says business and management topics have fallen out of favor, thanks to a shortage of megatrends like Six Sigma and business process re-engineering, which swept the nation in the 1980s and 1990s. 'There's no really big topic,' he says.


与此同时,达文波特表示,金融危机已经使经济洞察力变得对企业和消费者都至关重要。他说:"人们正在探究导致金融危机的原因。"他还说,这是经济学家在榜单中脱颍而出的原因之一。


Meanwhile, the financialcrisis has made economic insightvaluable to businesses and consumers alike, he says. 'People are casting about for what caused the crisis,' he says. That's one of the reasons economists did so well in the rankings, he says.


诚然,最近几年商业领袖吸引目光的方式已经大不相同了。比如,最新的排名并没有将推特(Twitter)关注者的数量作为评比因素,而这或许称得上是衡量个人影响力的一个现代标准。达文波特称,推特关注者的数量并不一定是衡量商业领袖影响力的一个上佳标准。


To be sure, much has changed in recent years in the way gurus gain exposure. The new ranking, for example, doesn't take into account Twitter followers, which might offer a modern measure of an individual's influence. Twitter followers was not necessarily a good measure of a guru's impact, says Davenport.


达文波特和克罗宁分别统计了候选人的推特关注者数量,他们发现在榜单前50名的商业领袖中有20%──其中大多是学术界人士──仍未开设推特账户。达文波特表示,对于很多商业领袖来说,这一社交媒体工具仍然是"未来趋势"。比尔•盖茨(Bill Gates)拥有的推特关注者数量最多,达到了约930万人(目前这一数字已经攀升至近1,200万人)。


Davenport and Cronin separately calculated the number of Twitter followers and found that 20% of the top 50 gurus most of them academics still did not have accounts. The social media tool is still an 'emerging trend' for many gurus, Davenport says. Bill Gates had the most Twitter followers at roughly 9.3 million (that has since jumped to nearly 12 million).


但是,这个榜单至少有一点没变。在2008年时《华尔街日报》曾指出,榜单中的女性思想者严重不足。而到了2013年,女性思想者依然为数不多。实际上,今年跻身前50名商业领袖名单的女性只有投资家、企业家埃瑟•戴森(Esther Dyson)。


But at least one aspect of the ranking has not changed. Women thinkers, who were noticeablyabsent from the 2008 list, as the Journal noted at the time, are still largely missing from the newest results. In fact, investor and entrepreneur Esther Dyson is the only woman to make the top 50 this year.


达文波特表示,其中的一个原因可能是女性的专业领域更为具体,而榜单上的男性涉及的议题更广。


Davenport says one reason may be because women tend to have more defined areas of expertise, whereas the men at the top of the list address broader topics.


下面是2013年和2008年"最具影响力商业思想者"排名中的佼佼者:


Here are the top results from 2013 and 2008, for comparison:


2013年


2013


保罗•克鲁格曼


Paul Krugman


约瑟夫•斯蒂格利茨


Joseph Stiglitz


比尔•盖茨


Bill Gates


迈克尔•波特


Michael Porter


托马斯•弗里德曼(Thomas Friedman)


Thomas Friedman


埃里克•施密特(Eric Schmidt)


Eric Schmidt


理查德•布兰森(Richard Branson)


Richard Branson


马尔科姆•格拉德威尔(Malcolm Gladwell)


Malcolm Gladwell


罗伯特•莱克


Robert Reich


杰克•韦尔奇(Jack Welch)


Jack Welch


穆罕默德•尤努斯


Muhammad Yunus


尼尔•弗格森(Niall Ferguson)


Niall Ferguson


迈克尔•戴尔(Michael Dell)


Michael Dell


霍华德•加德纳(Howard Gardner)


Howard Gardner


吉米•威尔士(Jimmy Wales)


Jimmy Wales


2008年


2008


加里•哈默尔


Gary Hamel


托马斯•弗里德曼


Thomas Friedman


比尔•盖茨


Bill Gates


马尔科姆•格拉德威尔


Malcolm Gladwell


霍华德•加德纳


Howard Gardner


菲利普•科特勒(Philip Kotler)


Philip Kotler


罗伯特•莱克


Robert Reich


丹尼尔•戈尔曼(Daniel Goleman)


Daniel Goleman


亨利•明茨伯格(Henry Mintzberg)


Henry Mintzberg


史蒂芬•柯维(Stephen Covey)


Stephen Covey


杰弗瑞•菲佛(Jeffrey Pfeffer)


Jeffrey Pfeffer


彼得•圣吉(Peter Senge)


Peter Senge


理查德•布兰森


Richard Branson


迈克尔•波特


Michael Porter


迈克尔•戴尔


Michael Dell


Leslie Kwoh