英汉语言学术语对照

说明：此术语表的基础是笔者几年前为《廖秋忠文集》作的一个术语索引，后来

又补充了另外两本书的术语。由于局限于这三种书，当然不能涵盖现代语言学所

有常用术语。当时之所以选择这三种书，主要是考虑到这几种著作的著／译者对

词语的译法较有权威性。这几年来，国内新出版的反映新近语言理论的译述又有

不少，可惜笔者无力集齐所有的术语。今借网刊一角，把这份原始材料提供给大

家参考，更希望作为引玉之砖，藉网上同好之力，共同建立起一份较为全面的英

汉术语语汇表来。 －伯江，一九九八年十二月六日

术语表刊出后，很快得到陶红印先生惠赐所编制的《当代社会语言学》一书的词

语，现已悉数补入。在此对红印兄深表谢意。－伯江，一九九八年十二月十三日

文献目录

廖：《廖秋忠文集》，北京语言学院出版社1992。

陈：陈平《现代语言学研究》，重庆出版社1991。

吕：吕叔湘、黄国营译，沈家煊校《句法理论基础》(R.P.Stokwell)，华中工学院出版社1986。

陶：徐大明、陶红印、谢天蔚《当代社会语言学》，中国社会科学出版社1997。

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z

A

absolute universals    绝对共性[廖328]

absolute case    通格[廖204]

abstract construct    抽象结构[廖235]

accessibility hierachy    辨认度[廖27]

acceptability    可接受性[廖373]

accommodation    让步，适应[陶]

accompaniment adverb    交与副词[吕239]

accomplishment    结束[陈147 159]

accusative    受事格[廖346]

accusative object    受事宾语[吕240]

achievement    成就[陈147]

act    行为[廖236]

act sequence    信息内容与形式[陶] 

actional predicate    动作谓语[吕240]

activated    被激发的[廖396 402]

active    主动格[陈108]

activity    活动[陈147 157]

actual    实际[廖375]

adequacy    切应性[陈51]

adjacency    邻接关系[吕240]

adjacency pairs    语对[陶]

adjective    形容词[吕240]

adjunct string    附加语符列[陈45]

adjuncts    修饰语[廖27]

adjusment model    调整模式[陈41]

adposition    介词[吕240]

advanced    高等[陶]

adverb    副词[吕240]

adverb-fronting    副词前移[吕240]

adverb-lowering    副词下降[吕240]

affective    表情(作用)[陈9]

affix    词缀[吕240]

Afrikanns    阿富堪斯[陶]

age grading    年龄级差[陶]

agent    施事[吕240]

agglutinating    粘着型[廖331]

agglutinative    粘着型[陈107]

agreement    一致[吕240]

agreement maxim    同意的准则[廖369]

AI(artificial intelligence)    人工智能[廖235]

allocation of function    功能的分配[陶]

allocation of use    用途的分配[陶]

ambiguity    歧义[吕240]

ambiguity maxim    歧义准则[廖370]

American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages (ACTFL)  美国外语教学委员会[陶]

American Institutes of Research    美国研究所[陶]

analogues    模拟词[廖408]

analytic    分析型[陈107]

analytic causative    分析式使成式[廖345]

anaphor    回指对象[陈182] 

anaphora    指称替代[廖236] 回指形式[陈182] 

anaphoric reference    回指[陈121 181][吕240]

animacy    生命度[廖326 332 347 352]

antecedent    先行词[陈182] 被代词[吕240]

anterior    先事时[陈173]

anterior future    先事将来时[陈174]

anterior past    先事过去时[陈174]

anterior present   先事现在时[陈174]

anthropological    人类学的[廖235]

anthropology    人类学[陶]

Antigua    西印度群岛上的安梯瓜[陶]

antipodals    对跖词[廖413]

antonym    两极词[廖412]

antonymy    两极关系[廖417] 

apparent time    显象时间[陶]

appositive clause    同位小句[吕240]

approbation maxim    表扬的准则[廖369]

appropriateness    合适性[廖374]得体性[陶]

arbitrary    任意的[陶]

archiphoneme    原音位[陈10]

argument    论元[陈84 196] 参与者[吕240] 

argument position    论元位[陈104]

argumentation    论辩体[廖124]

argumentative    论证[廖236]

argumentative structure    论证结构[廖237]

Aroucanians    智利的阿劳卡尼人[陶]

article    冠词[吕240]

aspect    时态[陈143] 态[吕240] 体[陶] 

assert    肯定[吕240]

assertion    肯定[吕240] 

assertive    断言的[廖425]

assign    分配[吕240]

associated typology    关联类型学[廖331]

atomic structure of sentences    句子的原始结构[吕240]

attach to    系附于[吕240]

attenuated    较单薄的[廖61]

attributes    属性[廖435 449]

attributive relativeclause    修饰性关系小句[吕240]

audience design    听众设计[陶]

augmented transitionnetwork    扩展的转移网络[廖379]

authentic    真实材料[陶]

automatic translation    自动翻译[陈96]

autonomous syntax    自主的句法[廖236]

Autosegmental Phonology    自分音系理论[陶]

auxiliary verb    助动词[吕240]

B

Baby Talk娃娃腔    [陶]

back-channel    衬托型反馈形式[陶]

backgrounding    抑退[吕240]

Bahasa Indonesia    巴萨印尼话[陶]

ballooning(of rules)    (规则)膨胀[吕240]

banter principle    逗乐原则[廖369]

bare noun    光杆名词[陈129]

basic level    基本层次[廖417]

basic level terms    典型层次词[廖436]

Basque    巴斯克语[陶]

Bazaar Malay    集市马来话[陶]

begging    乞求[陶]

behavioral norm    行为规范[陈106]

Berber    柏柏尔语[陶]

beyond sentence grammar    超句语法[廖234]

bi-cultural    双文化[陶]

bidialectalism    双方言[陶]

bilingual    说双语的人[陶]

bilingualism    双语[陶]

biunique    一一对应[陈11]

bounded    有界的[陈168]

boundedness    封闭性[廖438]

bracketing    加括[吕241]

brand new    全新的[廖399]

bundle of features    特征束[陈10]

C

camaraderie    同志式的[陶]

cardinal reference-point    主要元音参考点[廖318]

case-marker    格标记[吕241]

case marking    格标记[廖340]

Catalan    加泰窿语[陶]

cataphoric reference    反指[陈206]

catastrophic change    剧变，灾变[陶]

catastrophism    剧变说，灾变说[陶]

categorize    类化[陈103]

categorization    范畴化[廖449]

category    范畴[廖449][吕241]

causal    因果性[陈117]

causative construction    使成结构[廖326 344]

cause adverb    原因副词[吕241]

causee    使成者[廖345]

causer    肇事者[廖345]

center string    中心语符列[陈45]

change in progress    进行中的变化[陶]

chunk    信息块[陈89]

circumstantial role    附带成分[陈183]

circumstantials    随遇成分[廖27]

citation    引用[廖359]

clarity principle    清楚原则[廖370]

class    类[陈128]

classical    古语[陶]

class-inclusion    类包括[吕241]

classes of words    词类[吕241]

classification    分类体[廖124]

clause   小句[廖236][吕241]

clause-internal rules    小句内部规则[吕241]

cleft sentence    分裂句[陈240]

clefting    分裂[吕241]

closed network    封闭网络[陶]

cluster   词群[廖408]

code    代码[吕241]

code norm    代码规范[陈105]

code-switching    语码转换[陶]

codification    标准的健全[陶]

coding    表现[陈163]

coding device    编码手段[吕241]

cognitive content    认识内容[吕241]

cognitive correspondence    认知对应原则[陈104]

cognitive function    认识功能[吕241]

cognitive information    认知信息[陶]

cognitive representation theory    认知表现理论[陈104]

cognitive science    认知科学[廖380]

cognitive synonymy    认知同义关系[廖406]

coherence    意义连贯[廖373]

cohesion    形式连贯[廖373]

cohesive relationship    连贯关系[廖399]

collaborative finish    合作完成式[陶]

collocational restrictions    习惯性搭配限制[廖408]

command    统御[陈68]

comment    论述,陈述[廖333 396][陈187] 说明[吕241]

commissives    承诺[廖423]

common focus    共喻圈[吕242]

common knowledge    共同知识[吕242]

communication    传信[廖379]

communication accommodation theory, CAT    交际适应理论[陶]

communicative competence    交际能力[廖278]

communicative force    实际用义[廖357]

communicative language teaching    交际语言教学[陶]

compactness    简洁[吕242]

comparative    比较[吕242]

compatibility    并存关系[廖407]

competence    语言能力[陈18] 能耐[吕242]

complementaries    互补词[廖411]

complements    补足成分[廖27] 补语[吕242]

complementizer    成形剂[吕242]

complex change    复变[陈160]

complex-NP-shift    复杂NP移位[吕242]

complex sentence    复杂句[吕242]

componentialist    要素分析者[廖438]

compound interdependent    合成型[陶]

compression rules    压缩规则[吕242]

conative function    使动功能[廖313]

conceptual dependency    概念从属(语法)[陈101]

concord    一致[吕242]

conditional adverb    条件副词[吕242]

conditional coherence    条件连贯[陈83]

configuration    构型[廖438]

configurationality    组合性[陈108]

congruence relations   一致关系[廖406]

congruent    一致性[陶]

congruent meronym    一致部件[廖407]

conjoinability    可连接性[廖27]

conjunction    连词/联合[吕242]

conjunction-reduction    省并[吕242]

connectivers    连接成分[廖451]

constituency rules    组成成分规则[廖314]

constituent class    成分类别[陈41]

constituent ellipsis    成分省略[廖14]

constituent insertion    成分插入[陶]

constituent order    结构成分顺序[廖334]

constitutive principles    构成原则[廖373]

constant    常量[吕242]

constraints    限制[廖328] 约束[吕242]

construction grammar    结构语法[廖281]

containment    包含[廖483]

contemporary    当代[陶]

content form    内容形式[陈9]

content mode    内容表达式[廖359]

content substance    内容实体[陈9]

context    语境,上文[廖236 395]

context of situation    言语情景；情景的上下文[陶]

context-dependent structure/system    依靠语境的结构/系统[廖236]

context-free rule    不受上下文约束的规则[吕242]

context of situation    语境[廖319]

context-sensitive rule    受上下文约束的规则[吕242]

contextual relations    语境关系[廖404]

contextual style    场合语体[陶]

contextualization cues    语境线索[陶]

continuity    连续性[陈187]

continuous variable    连续变量[陶]

continuum    连续体[陈64 162]

contraction    语音省缩[吕242]

contrary    指反[陈217]

contrastive prominence    对比重音[吕242]

control    自控力[廖332]

convergence    靠近[陶]

conversation    会话[廖236]

conversational analysis,CA    对话分析[廖235] 会话分析[陶]

conversational implicatures    话语蕴含[陶]

conversational postulates    对话原则[廖361]

converse    逆反词[廖413]

co-occurrence constraint    共现约束[吕242]

cooperative principle    合作原则[廖179 357]

co-ordinate independent    并存型[陶]

coordinate structure    并列结构[吕242]

copula verb    系词[吕242]

coreference    同一性关系[陈182]

corpus planning     语型规划[陶]

corrected mean     修正均值[陶]

correspondence    对应[廖365]

co-taxonyms    同类分类词[廖409]

counteractive    反动关系[廖412]

counterparts    对应词[廖413]

covert prestige    隐威信[陶]

creole    克里奥语,混合语[陶]

criterial   判别性的[廖404]

cross-cultural communication    跨文化的交际[陶]

crossover    超越[陶]

cultivation    培养[陶]

current    邻接的[廖399]

cycle    轮转[吕243]

cyclic application    循环使用[廖317]

contrastive features    区别特征[陶]

D

data    数据[廖236]

dative    与格[廖346]

Davidian    达罗毗荼[陶]

declaratives    宣告句[廖420] 

declarative sentence    陈述句[吕243]

de-creolization    克里奥尔脱化[陶]

de-creolization continuum    克里奥尔脱化连续体[陶]

deep structure    深层结构[吕243]

default    常规选择[廖373]

deferent    敬重[陶]

Deficit Hypothesis    语言缺陷论[陶]

definite    有定[廖40]

definiteness    定指度[廖342]

definiteness of subject and object   主语和宾语的限定[廖237]

degree-terms    程度词[廖411]

deictic    指示词[吕243]

deixis    指示词[廖195]

deletion rules    消除规则[吕243]

delicacy    精细度[廖319]

demonstrative structure    论证结构[廖451]

deontic modality    义务情态[廖419]

dependency relation    依赖关系[吕243]

derivational morphology    衍生构词[廖316] 构词形态[吕243]

derived sentence    派生句[吕243]

derived structure    派生结构[吕243]

description    描写体[廖124]

descriptive structuer    描写结构[廖237] 

descriptivists    描写学派[廖308 322][陈11 35]

design features    图案成分[廖309]

destressing    轻音化[吕243]

determiner    区别词[吕243]

deviation    偏离[陶]

diachronic derivability    历时可导性[陈116]

diagram    图解[吕243]

dialect    方言[陶]

dialect geography    方言地理学[廖264]

dialectology    方言学[廖262]

dialogic    对话性[陶]

dialogue    对话[廖234 236]

differentiable    可区分的[廖408]

diglossia    双言制[陶]

dimension    标度[廖211]

dimensional model    层面模式[陈109]

direct illocutions    直接表达式[廖361]

direct object    直接宾语[吕243]

directional adverb    趋向副词[吕243]

directives    指令[廖423]

direct speech    直接句[廖360]

discourse    对话[廖379] 言谈[吕243]

discourse analysis    篇章分析[廖181 234 310][陈25 55]

discourse connectedness    篇章连贯[廖236]

discourse connectives    篇章连接[廖236 237]

discourse for special occasions    特别场合的篇章[廖236]

discourse-functional syntax    篇章-功能句法[廖236]

discourse-functionally motivated structure/system