酷兔英语
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一个周日与丈夫大吵一架后,库马尔太太(Vasavi Kumar)是如此沮丧,她打电话叫来了她的妈妈、爸爸、姐姐和三位密友。库马尔挨个儿告诉每一个人:"就这么着吧。他永远都不会理解我。我要离婚。"猜猜第二天发生了什么?库马尔太太和她的丈夫言归于好了。他们对彼此说了对不起,拥抱了对方,然后达成共识:将争吵置于脑后。然而库马尔太太却还欠着对其他六个人的道歉。她说:"我对每个人都扔下了一颗炸弹,而现在,我自己却一切安好。我得去收拾残局。"现年30岁的库马尔太太是一名生活教练,也是堪萨斯州欧弗兰帕克(Overland Park)的社工。


After arguing with her husband one Sunday, Vasavi Kumar was so upset that she called up her mom, her dad, her sister and three of her closest friends. 'This is it,' she told each one. 'He is never going to understand me. I am getting a divorce.'


你从来没有过度分享你的信息──甚至连喝醉的时候也没有吗?我管这种行为叫BYB(Blabbing Your Business)──即对自己的事喋喋不休。由于近来电视真人秀节目和社交媒体网站的出现,这类分享经常上演、层出不穷。人们通过这些媒介来与他人分享自己生活中的每一个细枝末节──不管这些细节多么微不足道、多么私密──而都显得完全正常。在这样一种文化中生活,我们很难记得有些事情应该只是私人的。


Guess what happened the next day. Ms. Kumar and her husband made up. They said they were sorry, hugged and agreed to put the argument behind them. Yet Ms. Kumar, a 30-year-old life coach and social worker in Overland Park, Kan., still had some more apologizing to do -- to six other people. 'I dropped a bomb on everyone, but I was now fine and dandy,' she says. 'I had to go clean it up.'


这不完全是Facebook的错。当我们在潜意识里试着去控制内心的焦虑时,便常常会作出过度分享的举动。这种努力也就是人们所知的"自律",它是这样形成的:当与人交谈的时候,我们会耗尽大量精力,竭力给他人留下好印象。我们试着让自己看起来聪慧、睿智和风趣,但专注于此的努力会让我们再无多余的脑力去过滤筛选交谈的内容和对象。


Ever share too much information -- and you weren't even tipsy? I call it BYB -- Blabbing Your Business. It's happening a lot these days thanks to reality TV and social media sites, where it's perfectlynormal for people to share every single detail of their lives, no matter how mundane or personal. In the culture we live in, it's hard to remember that some things should be private.


这就解释了为什么人们恰恰常会在那些他们最想讨好的人面前脱口而出、说些令人尴尬的事,不论对方是自己的老板或是第一次约会的对象还是未来的家人。


It isn't all Facebook's fault. Experts say oversharing often happens when we are trying subconsciously to control our own anxiety. This effort is known as 'self regulation' and here is how it works: When having a conversation, we can use up a lot of mentalenergytrying to manage the other person's impression of us. We try to look smart, witty and interesting, but the effort required to do this leaves less brain power to filter what we say and to whom.


想像一下这个场景:你的老板从你身旁走过,却未与你进行任何眼神交流。这时你会觉得不安,并搜肠刮肚地寻找可以与他(她)共同讨论的话题。宾夕法尼亚州切斯特(Chester)韦德纳大学(Widener University)研究生临床心理学研究所(Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology)的心理学家及助理教授哈尔•肖里(Hal Shorey)说:"如果你对心理学有所了解,你会意识到此刻自己正陷入焦虑、并收到一个拒绝的暗示。你正试着重建与老板的联系。"


This explains why people often blurt out embarrassing things to precisely the people they want to impress most, whether it's the boss, a first date or a future in-law.


这样做有用吗?答案当然是否定的。我们经常后悔自己已经说出口的话,感觉像个傻瓜──接着又开始担心听了这些话的人会怎么想。我们可能会感到有一种强迫的力量促使自己去"修复"现状,这又将导致──你猜对了──说更多的话。这是一个令人痛苦的恶性循环。


Consider this scenario: Your boss walks by and doesn't make eye contact. You feel uneasy and think of something you need to discuss with him or her. 'If you are psychologically aware, you will realize you are feeling anxious and picking up rejection cues,' says Hal Shorey, a psychologist and assistant professor for the Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology at Widener University in Chester, Pa. 'You're trying to reestablish connection.'


我知道自己并非是唯一一个会过度分享的人。我写这篇专栏文章的灵感就源自一周中有三个人对我说了这些可怕的话:"我想告诉你一些我从未跟别人说起的事,不管是我的爱人,治疗师或是最好的朋友,我都只字未提。"


Does this work? Of course not. We often regret our disclosures, feel like an idiot -- and then worry even more about what the listener is thinking. We may feel compelled to 'fix' the situation, leading to -- you guessed it -- even more blabbing. It's a cruel downward spiral.


尽管如此,还是有一些人天生就比别人更爱东拉西扯。根据依恋理论,这类人往往都是些焦虑或"忧心忡忡"依恋型的人,该理论是由心理学家在20世纪中期开始发展起来的。肖里说,我们的依恋系统是人类为了生存而发展演变出来的,它是进化过程的副产品。依恋类型的形成,部分是遗传,但大多是由我们小时与父母的关系决定的。


I know I'm not the only person who over-shares. I got the idea for this column after three people in one week said these terrifying words to me, 'I want to tell you something I've never told anyone -- not my spouse, my therapist, or my best friend.'


基本的依恋类型分为以下三种:安全型,焦虑型和逃避型。约55%的人属于安全型,他们通常有爱心,适应亲密接触。这类人的父母对子女始终关爱备至。相较而言,其他45%的人的依恋模式则问题更多──不论是焦虑型、逃避型或是两种类型的结合。


Still, some people by nature blab more than others. They tend to be individuals with an anxious or 'preoccupied' attachment style according to attachment theory, which psychologists developed starting in the mid-1900s. Our attachmentsystem is the evolutionary byproduct of a process humans developed to stay alive, Dr. Shorey says. Attachment style is partly genetic, but it also is determined in part by how our parents related to us as young children.


约有15%的人属于逃避型,这类人一直尽量减少跟他人的亲密接触。他们的父母通常都克制内敛或对孩子反应冷淡。这类人不会冲你喋喋不休。事实上,在那些判定性格类型的访谈中,治疗师将那些简短、精炼的回答视为逃避依恋型人的标志。


There are three basic attachment types: Secure, anxious and avoidant. Secure people, roughly 55% of the population, had parents who were consistently caring and responsive; these people are typically loving and comfortable with intimacy. The other 45% have an attachment style that is more problematic -- either anxious, avoidant or some combination.


而那些冗长无边的答案往往表明回答者是焦虑型,约有15%的人属于这个类别。这种人的父母通常对他们疏于照顾,他们对社会暗示过于敏感且倾向于过度经营他们的人际关系。 (其余15%的人则是焦虑与逃避两种类型的结合。)


Avoidant people, about 15% of the population, try to minimize closeness. Their parents typically were withholding or unresponsive. These folks aren't your blabbers. In fact, in interviews to determine personality type, therapists consider short, concise answers to be a marker of an avoidant attachment style.


纽约州芒特基斯科市(Mount Kisco)的婚姻及家庭关系治疗师雪伦•吉尔克里斯特•奥尼尔(Sharon Gilchrest O'Neill)说,当然了,我们所有人都有自己的爆点。当我们身处情感重压之下时,我们都会无法再克制住自己。奥尼尔还说:"他们认为,'天哪,找个人说说会好受些,'但是他们绝不会考虑到倾听者那一方的感受,而这可能会伤害他们之间的关系。"


Long, drawn-out answers typically indicate an anxious type. Anxious people, who make up roughly 15% of the population, typically had parents who were inconsistently nurturing. They are overly sensitive to social cues and prone to overmanaging their personal connections. (The other 15% are a combination.)


但当你分享那些真的不该与他人分享的信息时,真正的问题才刚刚开始。在她的治疗活动中,奥尼尔说她经常发现人们向别人提及自己的婚姻问题──或离婚、或分居,而这些情况在那时却还没有真正发生。另一种常见的场景是母亲与他人分享有关自己女儿的信息。奥尼尔称,在所有这些案例中,"这种行为反过来又会困扰分享者本人。"


Of course, we all have our own bursting point, when under emotionalstress we can no longer contain ourselves, says Sharon Gilchrest O'Neill, a Mount Kisco, N.Y., marriage and family therapist. 'They think, 'Oh God, does that feel good to talk,'' she says. 'But they're definitely not thinking of the other person and this may hurt their relationship.'


那如何让自己不再喋喋不休、说得过多呢?就按你母亲说的那样做:在你开口之前,先停下来想一想。奥尼尔说:"试想一下分享的最终影响,在头脑中走一遍这个过程。"


The real trouble starts when you share information that isn't really yours to share. In her therapy practice, Ms. O'Neill says she regularly sees people who tell someone about their own marital problems, or a divorce or separation before it actually happens. Another common scenario involves mothers sharing information about their daughters. In all these cases, she says, 'it usually comes back to haunt them.'


肖里说,有些问题是你在这过程中需要问一问自己的。譬如"聆听我说话的人现在有时间吗?──还有,他或她有心情听我说吗?""我的倾诉能缓解我的焦虑吗──亦或使自己变得更加忧心忡忡了? "肖里还称:"换句话说,你只要稍微花点时间想想上面这些问题,你就可能料到自己过度分享的行为将会让老板把你当成一个傻瓜看。"


So how do you stop yourself from blabbing too much? Do what your mother said: Stop and think before you open your mouth. 'Go through the process in your mind where you walk through the ultimate effects of sharing,' Ms. O'Neill says.


如果你已察觉到自己说得太多,该如何弥补呢?大多数人认为回去道歉不失为一个好办法。然而在大多情况下,事实却并非如此。奥尼尔说:"当我在办公室为人们治疗时,我试着帮助他们、让他们好好想想后果会是什么。他们的行为会产生反向效应吗?"


These are specific questions you should ask yourself, Dr. Shorey says. 'Does my listener have time right now -- and is he or she emotionally available to listen?' 'Will your blabbing relieve your anxiety -- or make it worse?' 'In other words,' Dr. Shorey says, 'you can probably anticipate worrying that your boss will think you're an idiot for oversharing if you just take the time to think about it.'


如果你判定听你唠叨的人已彻底改变了对你的看法,那这时候再去道歉,但要保持简短、低调。奥尼尔说:"你应该说,'听着,我不想小题大做,但是我想让你知道,我让自己难堪了。这并不是我。'然后这一话题就该到此为止。"


If you should find that you said too much, how do you recover? Most people think it's a good idea to go back and apologize. Most often, though, it isn't. 'When I work with people in my office, I try to help them think through what the consequences will be,' Ms. O'Neill says. 'Will there be a boomerang effect?'


库马尔太太回忆说,过去她一直是个过度分享的人。她童年时的绰号就叫"大嘴巴"。库马尔说:"我这么做主要是因为把分享当成了一种与人建立关系的方式、以此来博得他们的喜欢。"


If you decide your listener has fundamentally changed the way he or she sees you, then apologize, but keep it short and low-key. 'You should say, 'Listen, I don't want to make a big deal of this, but I want you to know I embarrassed myself and this isn't like me,'' Ms. O'Neill says. 'And leave it at that.'


当库马尔太太打电话给她的父亲、就草率提出离婚一事向他道歉时,他开始哭泣。她父亲说:"我再也无法承受这些了。我年纪越来越大,一直都在吃降压药。每次在来电显示上一看到你的名字,我就会精神崩溃。"


Ms. Kumar recalls she was always an oversharer. Her childhoodnickname was 'Loose Lips.' 'I did it primarily as a way to connect with people, to get them to like me,' she says.


库马尔太太说,这些天来,她在张嘴说话前都会问一问自己:"为什么我要同这个人分享这个?我这么做是想得什么?"


When she called her father to apologize for telling him prematurely that she was getting a divorce, he started to cry. 'He said, 'I just can't take this anymore. I am getting too old. I am taking blood-pressure medication. I have a nervousbreakdown every time I see your name come up on the phone.''


库马尔太太还说:"不然的话,这么做几乎就是在用鸡零狗碎的东西充斥别人的生活,告诉他们有关你的七七八八。然后你还不得不掉头回去,收拾你亲手布下的残局。"


These days, Ms. Kumar says before speaking she asks herself, 'Why am I sharing this with this specific person? What am I looking for here?'


Elizabeth Bernstein

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