Chū Sài

出塞

Wáng Chānglíng (Táng)

王昌龄（唐）

Qín shí míngyuè Hàn shí guān,

秦时明月汉时关，

wànlǐ chángzhēng rén wèi huán.

万里长征人未还。

Dànshǐ Lóng Chéng fēijiàng zài,

但使龙城飞将在，

Bú jiāo hú mǎ dù Yīn Shān.

不教胡马度阴山。

诗词评析：

"出塞"是古时的歌曲名。"龙城"是地名。"飞将"指汉朝一位英勇善战的将军李广，人称"飞将军"。"胡马"指侵犯北方边疆的敌人骑兵。
明月还是秦代的明月，边关还是汉朝的边关，那些离开家乡千万里戍守边疆的将士们都没有能返回故乡。要是有像"飞将军"李广这样英勇善战的将领在，管保不会叫敌人越过阴山而来。
这首诗写了世世代代戍守边疆的人们的艰辛和悲凉，也表达了诗人的希望，他希望有英勇善战的将领守卫边疆，使敌人不敢侵犯，保证国家边疆的和平与安宁。

 "出塞(chūsāi)" (come out to border area) is the name of an ancient melody. "龙城(lóngchéng)" (a dragon city) is the name of a place. "飞将(fēijiāng)"(a flying general) refers to a courageous and skillful general named Li Guang in the Han Dynasty, known as "the Flying General". "胡马(húmǎ)" refers to the enemy cavalry who invaded the northern border of Central China.

The moon is the same as that of the Qin Dynasty, and the border pass remains the same as that of the Han Dynasty. All those generals and soldiers who are defending the border thousands of miles away from their homes are unable to return. If there are generals like "the Flying General" Li Guang stationed in the frontier areas, no enemies would dare to climb over Mountain Yinshan.

This poem depicts the hardships and loneliness of border defenders from generation to generation, and expresses the poet's hope. He hopes there will be more and more courageous and skillful generals defending the border, who are able to frighten the enemy away so the peace and tranquility of the homeland can be safeguarded. 
 
词语解释：

歌曲：(gēqǚ) n.  song
英勇：(yīngyǒng) adj.  brave
侵犯：(qīnfàn) v.  invade
边疆：(biānjiāng) n.  border area
越过：(yuèguò) v.  over
艰辛：(jiānxīn) adj.  hardships
保证：(bǎozhèng) v.  guarantee
 
  扩展 
 
 

• dragon [´drægən]   n.龙   (初中英语单词)
• unable [ʌn´eibəl]   a.不能的；无能为力的   (初中英语单词)
• frontier [´frʌntiə]   n.国境；边疆；边界   (初中英语单词)
• generation [,dʒenə´reiʃən]   n.发生；世代；同龄人   (初中英语单词)
• frighten [´fraitn]   vt.吓唬，使惊惧   (初中英语单词)
• invade [in´veid]   vt.侵入；打扰；充满   (初中英语单词)
• melody [´melədi]   n.悦耳的音调；乐曲   (高中英语单词)
• skillful [´skilfəl]   a.有技巧的；熟练的   (高中英语单词)
• cavalry [´kævəlri]   n.骑兵(部队)   (高中英语单词)
• loneliness [´ləunliniz]   n.孤独，寂寞   (高中英语单词)
• guarantee [,gærən´ti:]   n.保证；担保 vt.允诺   (高中英语单词)
• courageous [kə´reidʒəs]   a.勇敢的；无畏的   (英语四级单词)
• dynasty [´dinəsti]   n.王朝；朝代   (英语四级单词)
• tranquility [træŋ´kwiliti]   n.安静；平静；安宁   (英语四级单词)