Status and authority shape our facial expressions, turning even a simple smile into a power play, new research suggests.
新研究表明，地位和权力决定着我们的面部表情，甚至连一个简单的微笑都变成了一个与权力有关的行为。
New experiments, made public this week at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in New Orleans, credited lightning-quick social reflexes, ingrained in neural circuits, for determining when we smile.
10月中旬，在新奥尔良举行的神经科学学会(Society for Neuroscience)年会上，新公开的一些实验结果表明，神经回路固有的高速社交反射决定了我们会在什么时候微笑。
Generally, we reflexively share or conceal a smile based on rank, power and status, said researchers who analyzed the involuntaryfacial responses involved in returning or suppressing a smile.
研究人员对自然产生的回应微笑或克制微笑的表情反应进行分析后表示，一般来讲，我们会根据对方官位级别、权力大小和地位高低来做出要么分享微笑要么隐藏微笑的反应。
It is the newest insight into what scientists studying culture and the brain call the 'boss effect,' in which the social pressure of status and power affects our neurobiology.
对于研究文化与大脑的科学家所称的"老板效应"而言，这是一个认识上的新突破。在这种效应中，地位和权力导致的社会压力会影响我们的神经生物学系统。
'It shapes your neural architecture,' said cognitive neuroscientist Sook-Lei Liew at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, who has studied the phenomenon but wasn't involved in the research presented this week.
美国国家神经疾病和中风研究所(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)的认知神经科学家Sook-Lei Liew说，"它会影响到你的神经元体系结构的形成。"她对这一现象进行了研究，但是并没有参与在神经科学学会年会上发布结果的那个研究项目。
The culture of office politics can alter our perceptions of faces and expressions in subtle ways. Normally, we recognize our own face first in a group of photographs, for instance. Under some circumstances, though, it is the picture of our boss that we respond to first, in an involuntaryreaction that overrules our usual social reflexes.
办公室政治文化可以悄然改变我们对人脸和表情的认识。比如，在一般情况下，我们从一组照片中会首先识别出自己的脸。但是在某些情况下，我们最先做出反应的却是老板的照片，这是有异于我们平常的社交反射的一种不自觉的反应。
This 'boss effect' can vary by national culture. Chinese workers reacted fastest to a picture of their direct supervisor
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