Section I Structure and Vocabulary

In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

1. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it.

[A] whomever

[B] someone

[C] whoever

[D] anyone

2. After having gone ________ far, George did not want to turn back.

[A] enough

[B] much

[C] such

[D] that

3. ________ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.

[A] At

[B] For

[C] In

[D] On

4. Richard doesn't think he could ever ________ what is called "free-style" poetry.

[A] take on

[B] take over

[C] take to

[D] take after

5. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ________ in the home.

[A] worked

[B] would work

[C] work

[D] were working

6. I don't want to lend any more money to him; he's already in debt ________ me.

[A] to

[B] for

[C] of

[D] with

7. The business of each day, ________ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

[A] it being

[B] be it

[C] was it

[D] it was

8. Carey didn't go to the party last night because she ________ the baby for her sister until 9:30.

[A] must have looked after

[B] would have to look after

[C] had to look after

[D] should have looked after

9. ________, he does get initiated with her sometimes.

[A] As he likes her much

[B] Much though he likes her

[C] Though much he like her

[D] Much as he likes her

10. Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and ________ by the same federal laws.

[A] stand

[B] conform

[C] abide

[D] sustain

11. The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field ________.

[A] in view

[B] in question

[C] in case

[D] in effect

12. The long-awaited Hubble Space Telescope, ________ to orbit the Earth next March, will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.

[A] subject

[B] owing

[C] available

[D] due

13. ________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.

[A] To be free

[B] Freeing

[C] To free

[D] Freed

14. The patient has been ________ of the safety of the operation.

[A] assured

[B] guaranteed

[C] entrusted

[D] confirmed

15. Will you ________ this passage to see if there is any misprint?

[A] look up

[B] go over

[C] dwell on

[D] work out

16. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them ________.

[A] correct

[B] straight

[C] right

[D] well

17. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually ________ the way.

[A] in

[B] by

[C] off

[D] on

18. If we believe something is good and true we should ________ it.

[A] hold up

[B] keep on

[C] hold on

[D] keep up

19. ________, more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the big cities in the region.

[A] Alone in the small town

[B] In the small alone town

[C] In the alone small town

[D] In the small town alone

20. The bank is reported ________ in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.

[A] to be robbed

[B] robbed

[C] to have been robbed

[D] having been robbed

21. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have risen.

[A] even though

[B] just because

[C] now that

[D] as though

22. Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no ________ to speed up deliveries.

[A] trial

[B] attempt

[C] action

[D] progress

23. Water will continue to be ________ it is today -- next in importance to oxygen.

[A] how

[B] which

[C] as

[D] what

24. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________ our chairman now.

[A] must have been

[B] would have been

[C] were

[D] would be

25. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which ________ increase the risk of heart disease.

[A] in turn

[B] in return

[C] by chance

[D] by turns

26. The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have passport ________.

[A] an operative

[B] a valid

[C] an efficient

[D] an effective

27. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the ________ for it.

[A] motive

[B] mind

[C] mood

[D] notion

28. The project requires more labor than ________.

[A] has been put in

[B] have been put in

[C] being put in

[D] to be put in

29. Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can ________ attack their trainer.

[A] unexpectedly

[B] deliberately

[C] reluctantly

[D] subsequently

30. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ________ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.

[A] to be deserted

[B] having deserted

[C] to have been deserted

[D] having been deserted

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)

Text 1

It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a 'Be Kind to Other Drivers' campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.

Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.

A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filtercorrectly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

31. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.

[A] people's attitude towards the road-hog

[B] the rhythm of modern life

[C] the behavior of the driver

[D] traffic conditions

32. The sentence "You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule." (Para. 1) implies that ________.

[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists

[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally

[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog

[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists

33. By "good sense," the writer means ________.

[A] the driver's ability to understand and react reasonably

[B] the driver's promptresponse to difficult and severe conditions

[C] the driver's tolerance of rude or even savage behavior

[D] the driver's acknowledgement of politeness and regulations

34. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.

[A] road users should make more sacrifice

[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other

[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves

[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others

35. In the writer's opinion, ________.

[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed

[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly

[C] rude drivers should be punished

[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams

Text 2

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror -- the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth's chief food-growing zones.

In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

One possibility is the variablebehavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

Scientists are now findingmutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing heat.

36. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________.

[A] prevent the sun's rays from leeching the earth's surface

[B] mean a warming up in the Arctic

[C] account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

[D] raise the temperature of the earth's surface

37. The article was written to explain ________.

[A] the greenhouse effect

[B] the solar effects on the earth

[C] the models of solar-weather interactions

[D] the causes affecting weather

38. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.

[A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

[B] possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting