章节正文
翻译练习十七--模拟03年考研翻译题
说明：
1
之所以谓之"翻译练习十七"，是因为前面的翻译练习已经到了十六期了。前十五期在"译路"首页上的"翻译练习"栏目下保存http://www.translatingway.com/html/exercise/index.html。第十六期就是论坛中的上一期，我也会整理到首页上去。这是第十七期。
2
这套题模拟了03年考研翻译的真题，但是难度比03年稍微大点。之所以把难度说出来，是怕做不好的同学着急。不用着急，安心练习，做好几个句子之后，水平自然就上去了。
3
因为考试快临近了（还有60天左右？？？），所以，出题中，我把句子序号改成了46）--50），这样尽量让大家熟悉考试时候的状态。而不在用1）--5）来标注了。
4 按照惯例，请把答案跟在"译路"网的"翻译练习论坛"中http://www.translatingway.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardID=21&ID=158&page=1，我会抽时间来修改部分（只是部分）译文的。加油。
Definitions of "culture" are multiple,
broad, and notably ambiguous. While there is no agreed-upon
definition of culture, the classicdefinition by E. B. Tylor in
1871 is widely cited in anthropology textbooks: "culture . . . is
that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man
as a member of society."46) Most definitions of culture
emphasize that it is complex and dynamic, comprised of the shared
solutions to problems faced by the group. These solutions
include technologies, beliefs, and behaviors.
Culture does not determine behavior, but
affords group members a repertoire of ideas and possible actions,
providing the framework through which they understand themselves,
their environment, and their experiences. 47)Culture is a
complex set of relationships, responses, and interpretations that
must be understood, not as a body of discrete traits, but as an
integrated system of orientations and practices generated within a
specific socioeconomic context. Culture is ever changing and
always being revised within the dynamic context of its
enactment.
48) Culture is neither a blueprint nor an
identity; individuals choose between various cultural options, and
in our multicultural society, many times choose widely between the
options offered by a variety of cultural traditions. It is not
possible to predict the beliefs and behaviors of individuals based
on their race, ethnicity, or national origin. Individuals' group
membership cannot be assumed to indicate their culture because
those who share a group label may variously enact
culture.
In its zeal to encourage respect for
cultural difference, the cultural competency movement has sometimes
lost sight of these important features of the concept of culture.
Instead it has too often represented culture as a decontextualized
set of traits providing a template for the perceptions and
behaviors of group members. A burgeoning literature on cultural
diversity presents the reader with veritablelaundry lists of
traditional beliefs and practices ostensibly characteristic of
particular ethnic groups. 49) This approach encourages the
questionable notion that immigrants and certain ethnic and racial
minorities are particularly driven by traditionalism. The
emphasis in this genre is on difference, pitting the exotic and
esoteric against mainstream or conventional beliefs that remain
unnamed and unexplored.
The misconception, common in clinical
settings, that culture can be understood as a set of discrete
traits, has led some mistakenly to treat culture as an explanatory
variable, subject to prediction and control. In such applications,
specific ethnic cultures are represented as a codified body of
characteristics that can be identified and then either modified or
manipulated to facilitate clinical goals.
Paradoxically, in such approaches, what
originated in a desire to promote respect for individual
differences may instead promote stereotyping and essentializing.
This process of reifying presumed difference may have the
unintended consequence of bolstering a sense of group
boundaries.50) It may also reinforce the belief that culture can
be diagnosed and treated, that exotic or unfamiliar beliefs and
behaviors of members of already disempowered subgroups should be
controlled and adjusted to resemble norms of the dominant
group.
说明：
1
之所以谓之"翻译练习十七"，是因为前面的翻译练习已经到了十六期了。前十五期在"译路"首页上的"翻译练习"栏目下保存http://www.translatingway.com/html/exercise/index.html。第十六期就是论坛中的上一期，我也会整理到首页上去。这是第十七期。
2
这套题模拟了03年考研翻译的真题，但是难度比03年稍微大点。之所以把难度说出来，是怕做不好的同学着急。不用着急，安心练习，做好几个句子之后，水平自然就上去了。
3
因为考试快临近了（还有60天左右？？？），所以，出题中，我把句子序号改成了46）--50），这样尽量让大家熟悉考试时候的状态。而不在用1）--5）来标注了。
4 按照惯例，请把答案跟在"译路"网的"翻译练习论坛"中http://www.translatingway.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardID=21&ID=158&page=1，我会抽时间来修改部分（只是部分）译文的。加油。
Definitions of "culture" are multiple,
broad, and notably ambiguous. While there is no agreed-upon
definition of culture, the classicdefinition by E. B. Tylor in
1871 is widely cited in anthropology textbooks: "culture . . . is
that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man
as a member of society."46) Most definitions of culture
emphasize that it is complex and dynamic, comprised of the shared
solutions to problems faced by the group. These solutions
include technologies, beliefs, and behaviors.
Culture does not determine behavior, but
affords group members a repertoire of ideas and possible actions,
providing the framework through which they understand themselves,
their environment, and their experiences. 47)Culture is a
complex set of relationships, responses, and interpretations that
must be understood, not as a body of discrete traits, but as an
integrated system of orientations and practices generated within a
specific socioeconomic context. Culture is ever changing and
always being revised within the dynamic context of its
enactment.
48) Culture is neither a blueprint nor an
identity; individuals choose between various cultural options, and
in our multicultural society, many times choose widely between the
options offered by a variety of cultural traditions. It is not
possible to predict the beliefs and behaviors of individuals based
on their race, ethnicity, or national origin. Individuals' group
membership cannot be assumed to indicate their culture because
those who share a group label may variously enact
culture.
In its zeal to encourage respect for
cultural difference, the cultural competency movement has sometimes
lost sight of these important features of the concept of culture.
Instead it has too often represented culture as a decontextualized
set of traits providing a template for the perceptions and
behaviors of group members. A burgeoning literature on cultural
diversity presents the reader with veritablelaundry lists of
traditional beliefs and practices ostensibly characteristic of
particular ethnic groups. 49) This approach encourages the
questionable notion that immigrants and certain ethnic and racial
minorities are particularly driven by traditionalism. The
emphasis in this genre is on difference, pitting the exotic and
esoteric against mainstream or conventional beliefs that remain
unnamed and unexplored.
The misconception, common in clinical
settings, that culture can be understood as a set of discrete
traits, has led some mistakenly to treat culture as an explanatory
variable, subject to prediction and control. In such applications,
specific ethnic cultures are represented as a codified body of
characteristics that can be identified and then either modified or
manipulated to facilitate clinical goals.
Paradoxically, in such approaches, what
originated in a desire to promote respect for individual
differences may instead promote stereotyping and essentializing.
This process of reifying presumed difference may have the
unintended consequence of bolstering a sense of group
boundaries.50) It may also reinforce the belief that culture can
be diagnosed and treated, that exotic or unfamiliar beliefs and
behaviors of members of already disempowered subgroups should be
controlled and adjusted to resemble norms of the dominant
group.
- culture [´kʌltʃə]
n.修养；文化；饲养 (初中英语单词) - complex [´kɔmpleks] a.复杂的 n.综合企业 (初中英语单词)
- belief [bi´li:f] n.相信；信仰，信条 (初中英语单词)
- system [´sistəm] n.系统，体系，制度 (初中英语单词)
- cultural [´kʌltʃərəl] a.文化(上)的；教养的 (初中英语单词)
- variety [və´raiəti] n.变化；多样(性)；种类 (初中英语单词)
- origin [´ɔridʒin] n.起源；由来；出身 (初中英语单词)
- encourage [in´kʌridʒ] vt.鼓励；怂勇；促进 (初中英语单词)
- movement [´mu:vmənt] n.活动；运动；动作 (初中英语单词)
- concept [´kɔnsept] n.概念；观念；思想 (初中英语单词)
- literature [´litərətʃə] n.文学；文献；著作 (初中英语单词)
- driven [´driv(ə)n] drive 的过去分词 (初中英语单词)
- promote [prə´məut] vt.促进；发扬；助长 (初中英语单词)
- consequence [´kɔnsikwəns] n.结果；后果；推断 (初中英语单词)
- resemble [ri´zembəl] vt.类似，象 (初中英语单词)
- classic [´klæsik] a.第一流的 n.杰作 (高中英语单词)
- behavior [bi´heiviə] n.举止，行为 (高中英语单词)
- environment [in´vaiərənmənt] n.郊区；周围；条件 (高中英语单词)
- predict [pri´dikt] v.预言；预告；预示 (高中英语单词)
- characteristic [,kæriktə´ristik] a.特有的 n.特性 (高中英语单词)
- reinforce [,ri:in´fɔ:s] vt.增援 n.加固物 (高中英语单词)
- definition [,defi´niʃən] n.限定；定义；明确 (英语四级单词)
- laundry [´lɔ:ndri] n.洗衣店；待洗的衣服 (英语四级单词)
- conventional [kən´venʃənəl] a.常规的；协定的 (英语四级单词)
- mistakenly [mis´teikənli] ad.错误地 (英语四级单词)
- prediction [pri´dikʃən] n.预告；(气象等)预报 (英语四级单词)
- facilitate [fə´siliteit] vt.使便利，使容易 (英语四级单词)
- notably [´nəutəbli] ad.显著地；著名地 (英语六级单词)
- framework [´freimwə:k] n.骨架；计划；机构 (英语六级单词)
- veritable [´veritəbəl] a.真正的；确实的 (英语六级单词)
- unfamiliar [ʌnfə´miljə] a.不熟悉的；生疏的 (英语六级单词)
文章标签:翻译
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