酷兔英语

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在阅读考试题中常见有这样一类题型:
1、What is the purpose of the passage?
2、What is the main purpose of the passage?
3、What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
4、The point the writer is making in the passage is that _____.
5、The purpose of this passage is to _____.
6、The author probably intended this selection to _____.

这类题目主要是考考生对作者意图或文章意图理解题。写一篇文章,或者是要陈述一个事实,或者是要解释一个问题,或者是要论证一个道理......这种"陈述""解释""论证"就是作者的意图。作者的意图,通过文字语言手段体现出来,就是文章意图。在阅读理解">阅读理解中,作者意图和文章意图是统一的,一致的,不可分割的。

考核读者对作者(或文章)意图的理解,与考核读者对文章主题、主题思想的理解,都同出一撤,即考核读者对文章主题主旨大意的理解,知识考核的角度和方式稍有不同罢了。

例如:
Although commonly thought to be one of man's feared deep-sea enemy, the octopus(章鱼)is generally a harmless animal that rarely bothers man. In fact, most of this powerful, eight-armed creatures are afraid of people. There have been some cases in which octopuses have attacked divers. But even these scattered attacks have not been very serious. In the mid nineteenth century, Hugo is said to have started the idea that the octopus is a viciousmonster of the deep sea. In this "Toilers of the Sea" he described how this devil fish eats a human being. The tale became so popular that other novelists, and later the movies used episodes which describe man struggling in the arms of this frightening monster. And thus, the misconception of the octopus as a vicious, merciless (残忍的) killer was spread.
Question: The purpose of this passage is to _____.
(A) describe the stories of the octopus
(B) explain the causes of the misconception of the octopus
(C) prove the harmlessness of the octopus
(D) correct the misconception of the octopus
例文中,第一句是总括性句子,提出:(1)octopus(章鱼)一般来说是无害的动物(harmless animal),这是作者的观点;(2)人们普遍认为章鱼是可怕的深海动物--这是作者退一步承认的事实。下面的文章就沿着地狱句规定的思路去写原因。(I)为了说明章鱼为什么一般说无害,作者举了两条理由:(A)它几乎不害人,它怕人;(B)少数情况下即使攻击人,但不严重。(II)为了说明为什么人们普遍认为章鱼可怕,也有两方面原因,即(A)作家Hugo的描述;(B)其它小说和电影的描写,所以根据上面思路的分析,很容易了解文章的观点和意图都在第一句里。文章企图消除人们对章鱼的误解,说明章鱼并非人们想象的那么可怕。答案D是对的。
上面这类文章,有总括性,纲领性句子供读者抓住思路,容易领会文章主旨,判断文章和作者的意图,但是,还有另一种类型的文章,特别是描写型的文章,全文(段)都在描写事物,或人物,或地点或过程,没有主题句,作者或文章的意图都隐含在字里行间。这时,读者必须纵观全局,做总体思考。



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