第1课

如果想达到85分以上，词汇应该错6个以内。

Jump for the sun, at least you land on the moon. 目标定的高一点有好处。

4200单词要求对于4级考试，高三毕业是1800个单词。

我喜欢这里： I like here. Right: I like it here.

I can succeed. Right: I can do it. I can make it.

注意生活中的英语： Nike胜利女神。 Just do it.

生活中的英语： Did you have a pleasant journey? (这时要用降调)

I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me. Oh, thank god! He's not the president now. (我很害怕)

I was just screwed up. (我一团糟)

四级考试中常见的考察词汇的题型：

I 押韵题型（押头韵、押尾韵）；

答案总在相似中，如果有三个一样，基本上就在其中了。

54. The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded.

A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently

continue v. 继续，连续； continually adv. 时断时续地； continuously adv. 连续不断地。

说不停的咳嗽时，continually是间歇的时断时续的咳嗽，continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。

consequently adv. 因此，所以；(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨)

constantly adv. 始终如一地，连续发生地；constant temperature 恒温

consistently adv. 一贯地，一致地； consistent adj. consistent policy 一贯的政策。

36. I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't seen before.

A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse

rewrite v. 重写，改写； revise vt. 修改，修正； reveal vt. 揭示，揭露；

reverse vt. 颠倒，使反转，使反向。(vers是词根，表示转动；re是前缀，表示向相反方向)

42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday's performance.

A preferable B considerable C possible D available

performance n. 表演，演出，演奏； perform vt. possible adj. 可能的

动词后加able构成形容词通常表示"可…的" read -> readable accept -> acceptable

consider vt. 考虑； considerable adj. (数量或尺寸)相当大(或多)的。

preferable adj. 更好的，更可取的；

available* adj. 可获得的，可利用的，可支配的。(重点词)

33. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses.

A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available

living expenses 生活费； acceptable adj. 可接受的；

apply vt. 申请，应用； applicable adj. 可应用的，适当的，合适的；

advise vt. 建议； advice n. 建议； advisable adj. 明智的，可取的。

54. It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.

A consistent B continuous C considerate D continual

achieve unity through peaceful means 通过和平手段取得统一； consistent policy 一贯政策

II 构词法题型(词的转化，合成，派生)；

构成符合形容词的名词和数量词一律用单数。(见下面2个例题)

31. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our attention.

A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours' D three-hour's

267. Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday.

A two-thousand-words B two-thousands-word

C two-thousand-word D two-thousands-words

以ly结尾的不全是副词； friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj.

考试中常见的否定前缀： un-、dis-、in-、im-

56. _B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.

A Dislike B Unlike C Alike D Liking

like vt. 喜欢； dislike vt. 不喜欢，厌恶； unlike prep. 不象…；

alike adj. & adv. 同样的(地)，相象的(地)； liking n. 爱好，嗜好；

take a liking for喜欢…，对…产生好感。

III 近义词含义比较；

44. There were some _A_ flowers on the table.

A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal

unreal adj. 不真实的(不是真实世界所拥有的，虚幻的)； Ends justify means 不择手段；

false adj. 具有欺骗性的，假的，伪造的； false coin/passport/hair，a false tooth/false teeth

unnatural adj. 不自然的，经常用来修饰人的行为举止，表示做作的，矫揉造作的。

artificial adj. 人造人为的 artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather 真皮

54. When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages.

A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability

laziness n. 懒惰； poverty n. 贫穷； poor adj. 贫穷的；

idleness n. 无事可做(中性，有时也有贬义含义)； inability n. 没有能力，没有办法。

69. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough _A_.

A nuisance B trouble C worry D anxiety

invade 进攻，侵略； nuisance n. (具体的)令人讨厌的东西； trouble n. 烦恼，麻烦，问题；

worry n. 担心，发愁； anxiety n. 焦虑。 What a nuisance. 真是烦。

IV 搭配关系问题；

extent n. 程度； to... extent 到达…程度，在…程度之上； extent 只能和to搭配。

object vi. 反对； object + to + 动名词（动词的ing形式）。

objection n. 反对； objection + to + 动名词（动词的ing形式）。

V 形相近，意相远；

65. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring.

A late B last C latter D later

late adj. 晚的，晚于通常时间的； late spring 晚春、暮春； last adj. 最后的，最终的；

later adj. 更晚的（late的比较级）、时间概念后一半的；只适用于表示某个世纪的后半期；

The later twentieth century. 二十世纪的后一半。

latter adj. （两者中）后者的； former adj. （两者中）前者的；

59. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market.

A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels

battery n. 电池； bargain n. 特价商品； It's really a bargain. 你真会买东西，不是说真便宜。

basket n. 篮子； barrel n. 桶； wonderful bargain 物美价廉的商品；bargain v. 讨价还价；

53. Remember that customers don't _D_ about prices in that city.

A debate B consult C dispute D bargain

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41. The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.

A after B with C by D from

cause 事业； be named after 以…的名字命名；

42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday's performance.

A preferable B considerable C possible D available

preferable adj. 更好的，更可取的；

358. _C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.

A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to

具有比较意味的形容词只要与介词to搭配即可表示其比较级。 super- 表示在…上方，超过…

inferior adj. 低于…的，劣于…的； superior adj. 高于…的，优于…的； prior adj. 在…之前的

Revolutionary War 特指美国独立战争；second adj. 第二的（含有比较意味，也与to搭配）

He is second to none. 首屈一指，无与伦比；

30. Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.

A of B to C with D from

43. It wasn't such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us.

A that B which C as D what

such … that … 如此… 以至于… ； sb + be + ___ + sth 空格处应为能加双宾语的动词；

加双宾语的动词的用法：动词 + sb + sth（主动形式）； sb + be + pp + sth（被动形式）；

59. American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. [the right to vote 选举权]

A ignored B neglected C refused D denied

deny v. 否认，拒绝；deny sb sth 拒绝给予某人某物；

44. They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more damage.

A unless B until C before D although

45. _B_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.

A Each B Any C Either D One

common sense 常识； each 这个词在英语中强调的是个体与众不同的特点；

any 这个词强调的是很多东西在一起的共性； either 两者之间任何一个；

31. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _C_ chemist's.

A each B some C any D certain

46. All _D_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.

A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed

当all作定语从句的先行词时，从句只能用that来引导； all that = what

47. _A_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing

本题的关键是弄清compare与mountain的关系； when 可以直接加过去分词；

before(after) + being + 过去分词；

44. After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.

A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed

They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health.

48. _C_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. [专家]

A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom

C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that

本题重点是强调句式； 当被强调部分指人且在句子中作宾语时，其余部分可用whom引导；

49. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_.

A suit B set C one D pair

50. Many new _A_ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.

A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities

51. He must have had an accident, or he _A_ then.

A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here

must have + 过去分词 表示对过去行为的肯定推测；

与过去事态相反用：情态动词 + have + 过去分词 来体现虚拟语气；

must 一定，必须； needn't, don't have to 不必；

53. You _A_ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

A needn't have done B must not have done

C shouldn't have done D can not have done

should have + 过去分词 本应该，本应当； shouldn't have done本不应该，本不应当；

44. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _D_ it.

A mustn't have done B wouldn't have done

C mightn't have done D didn't have to do

52. It was essential that the applications forms _C_ back before the deadline.

A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent

It be essential that 后面一定用虚拟语气，且句子谓语动词固定为(should) + 动词原型；

It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline.

53. We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had

when 还可以表示①刚..就… （有动作先后关系）、②恰在此时；

44. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.

A as B while C after D when

45. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention.

A unless B until C when D while

64. It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible.

A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent





第2课

非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子（或者句子，短语）

1.当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。（它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语）。

独立主格的结构1：名词（代词）+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为；过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词（代词）之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词（代词）发出时使用现在分词，而名词（代词）是受动者时则用过去分词。

54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.

A followed B following C to follow D being followed

49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消； cancel vt. 取消； 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

独立主格的结构2：with + 名词（代词）+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

as well as 和（相当于and）； be encouraged不会考。

动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励；

been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对；being encouraged 正在被鼓励

2.短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的结构：分词（分词短语）

句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词；如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。

43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏；

to be performed 将要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏；

一些特殊的动词：

第一点：forget 忘记； [反义] remember 记得；

这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为；这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事； forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事；

remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事； remember doing sth. 记得做过某事；

62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供； offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。

动作发出者 + 动名词；当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词；当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词（宾格）+ 动名词。

形容词物主代词：his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格：him, her, me, you, us, them。

第二点：want 想要； want to do sth. 想做某事； want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

48. Your hair wants _B_. You'd better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三点：mean 意味； mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ；mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

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55. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看电视用，看比赛用； see 看电影用；

感官动词watch, see, hear； 感官动词 + 名词（代词）+ do

be erected 强调的是动作的结果； being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

56. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放弃； give in 屈服，让步； give off 释放，放出（烟和气体）；

give away 泄露，走漏风声；婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程；赠送礼品。

57. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分词； inform v. 通知，告知； inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

60. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. （注意要看整个句子）； fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

61. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 总而言之；above all 首先，尤其是；after all 毕竟，终究；overall 全面的，总体的

in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。

62. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于（相当于since）； ever since 自从…以来。

与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：

now that 既然，由于； in that 因为； except that 除…之外。

except后面加名词或代词；except that后面加句子。

63. What you have done is _D_ the doctor's orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 连接，附属； This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。

responsible to 对…负有责任； resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的； water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 与..相反（相违背）。

64. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做过某事； regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事（应用语境非常有限）。

63. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失业； out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着； out of practice 缺乏练习。

65. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 尽管； carry on 坚持，继续。

66. Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.

A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left

be supposed to do sth. 应该（理应）做某事。

37. He's watching TV? He's _D_ to be cleaning his room.

A known B considered C regarded D supposed

regard as 把…认作

67. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.

A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied

treat 对待，处理； I'll treat you. 我请客，应用于真正请客之前。It's on me. 应用于结帐时。

adjust vt. 调整，调节； adopt vt. 收养，领养； remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正；

68. A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

A working out B having worked out

C having been worked out D to have been worded out

yields 产量； work out 作出，推出

关于百分数之前介词的用法

increase to 80 percent 增加到80% （增加到用to）

increase by 60 percent增加了60% （表示增加的幅度用by）

55. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.

A by B for C to D in

69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.

A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed

spoil vt. 宠坏，溺爱

70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son.

A take B hand C think D get

take over 接管接收； hand over 移交，交出； think over 仔细考虑； get over 克服，战胜。

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41. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have _A_ one this month.

A another B more C the other D other

不定代词：1 两者中的一个用one；另一个则用the other； 2 很多东西中的一个用one；

剩下的所有叫the others； 3 很多东西中的一个用one；剩下的所有里面再拿一个叫another；

在剩下的里面再拿一个还叫another（单数概念）； 4 很多东西中拿了若干出来用some；

剩下所有叫others； other 后通常要加可数名词的复数形式； more 要用在数词的后面

once more 再来一个（用于很不正式的场合） vravo 再来一个（用于正式场合）

44. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.

A the other B any other C another D other