afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...

　　3．名词+介词 / 介词+名词

　　key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...

　　三．典型例题

　　【名词】

　　[例1]（1）-How far is your school from here?

　　-Not very far. It's about twenty ______ walk.

　　A. minute's B. minutes' C. minutes D. minute

　　（2）It is about ______ from the school to my home.

　　A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes' walk

　　C. ten minutes' s walk D. ten minute's walk

　　分析 上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法。由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词，选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系，因此必须用名词的所有格。名词所有格的's也可以加在一个短语之后，若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是-s，则只加"''。如：an hour's ride, two weeks' time。因而（1）、（2）小题答案均为B。

　　[例2] Have you seen ______ at the foot of the hill?

　　A. any sheep B. some sheeps C. any sheeps D. some sheep

　　分析 此题考查名词复数的特殊例子。sheep的单复数同形；any一般用在疑问句和否定句里，some用在肯定句里。

　　答案为A

　　[例3]-Who is the man in the blue car?

　　-He is ______father.

　　A. Kate's and Mary's B. Kate and Mary's C. Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary

　　分析 本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法。两个并列的所有格，只给第二个名词加"'s"。

　　[例4] （哈尔滨市，2003）---Where is Tom？

　　--- He' s left a saying that he has something important to do.

　　A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news

　　分析 此题考查名词的用法，由a知道选项A、C、D不行，故选B。

　　答案 选B

　　解后反思 an excuse（一个借口），an exercise（一个练习）……，news（新闻）是不可数名词。

　　[例5] （天津市，2003）He had something to write down and asked me for

　　A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper

　　分析 此题考查不可数名词的用法。Paper作"纸"讲时是不可数名词，故A、B、C可排除。

　　答案：选D

　　解后反思 paper当"试卷"、"文件"讲时是可数名词。类似的词还有：fish，chicken等。

　　【代词】

　　[例1] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

　　1）This isn't _______ (I) book, it must be _______ (you).

　　2）Is there any milk in the bottle?

　　Yes, there is ______ (little).

　　分析 第1小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词my，用于修饰名词book，第二空则要用名词性物主代词yours，相当于your book。第2小题应用a little表示肯定："有一点儿"。

　　[例2] There are many trees on________ of the road.

　　A. both side B. each sides C. both sides D. every side

　　分析 此题主要考查不定代词both, each和every的用法。both为"两者"（都）"，作定语时，其后接复数名词；作主语时，要用复数谓语动词。either为"两者中间的任何一个（的）"，作定语时，后接单数可数名词；作主语时，要用单数谓语动词。every意为"每个（的）"，作定语，只用于三者或三者以上。又因马路road（rive，street等）只有两侧，所以正确答案只能是C。

　　[例3] 1) "Help ______ to some mooncakes", Han Meimei said to the twins.

　　A. you B. oneself C. yourself D. yourselves

　　2) -Put on your clothes when you go out.

　　-Thank you. Mum. I can look after______.

　　A. me B.I C. ourselves D. myself

　　分析 这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语，不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词，但可用在主格代词后以加强语气。还常用于某些短语中，如：by oneself独自，enjoy oneself 玩得愉快，teach oneself 自学，help oneself to…随便吃（用）……等。因此上二题答案均为D。

　　[例4] （广东省，2003）There is with my computer. It doesn' t work.

　　A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong

　　分析 本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系，形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后，而anything用于否定句和疑问句，由It doesn' t work知选D。

　　答案：D

　　解后反思 考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键。

　　【冠词】

　　[例1] 选择填空

　　1）Give me_______, please.

　　A. a cup tea B. two cup of tea C. two cup D. two cups of tea

　　2）The teacher passed me _____ paper.

　　A. a piece B. a piece of C. piece of D. a pair of

　　第1小题主要考查学生对可数名词与不可数名词的掌握情况，tea是不可数名词，不能用数量词直接修饰，但可以用容器表示量，表容器的名词可变为复数形式，即可以说two cups of tea，此题选D。第2小题答案选B。paper一词是不可数的，要表示"一张纸"，英语应为a piece of paper，不能说a paper。

　　[例2] _____ delicious food you have cooked!

　　A. How a B. How C. What a D. What

　　分析 不定冠词表示数量，类似"－"，修饰单数可数名词。不可数名词前不可用a、an修饰。在感叹句"What a／an+ adj．+ n．+（主+谓）！"结构中，名词必是单数可数名词。若是不可数名词应用"What+ adj．+ n．+（主+谓）！"结构。句中food是不可数名词，故答案为D。

　　[例3] （1）We always have______ rice for ______lunch.

　　A. /; / B. the; / C. /; a D. the; the

　　（2）It's half past four in the afternoon. The students are playing _____ basketball now.

　　A. / B. an C. a D. the

　　分析 下列情况不用任何冠词：1）专用名词（John、England）、物质名词（food，rice，water）等前；2）一日三餐的名词前；3）在表示球类运动的名词前。因此第（1）小题正确答案应为A；第（2）小题答案为A。

　　[例4] （天津市，2003）---What' s the matter with you？

　　----I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed

　　A．a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the]

　　分析 本题考查冠词的用法和习惯表达。躺在床上译为stay in bed，而感冒译为catch cold或catch a cold，但cold有形容词修饰时则a不可省略。

　　答案：选A

　　【数词】

　　[例1] 1) ______ books must he-produced for the children.

　　A. Many thousands B. Many thousands of

　　C. Many thousand of D. Many thousand

　　2) We've planted ______ trees in the centre of our city this year.

　　A. hundred B. tow hundreds C. hundred of D .hundreds of

　　分析本题考查数词的用法。当 thousand或 hundred做数词时，前面一般加数来修饰，其本身没有数的变化，且后不跟of。当它们做名词时，其复数形式为thousands和hundreds，且构成thousands of和hundreds of，后接可数名词的复数形式。

　　答案分别为 B、D

　　[例2] About ____ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.

　　A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth

　　分析 此题主要考查英语的分数表示法。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词后需加"s"。例如：1/3 one third；2/3：two thirds. 通过分析A、B、D三项均错，答案为C。

　　[例3] July is ________ month of the year.

　　A. seven B. the seventh C. eight D. the eighth

　　序数词用来表示数目的顺序，七月份是一年中的第七个月，第七个月的正确表达为the seventh month，所以此题的正确答案为B。

　　[例4] （重庆市，2003）My favourite is getting stamps. I need before I have 2500 ones.

　　A. more one B. any more C. one more D. more than

　　分析 此题考查数词与more相结合的用法，数词+more表示还有（要）……，在此正好符合题意。

　　答案：选C

　　解后反思 more than是"多于"之意，any more用于否定句表示"不再"。

　　【形容词、副词】

　　[例1] In the exam, the ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you'll make.

　　A. careful; little B. more careful; less

　　C. more careful; few D. more careful; fewer

　　分析 "the+比较级……，the+比较级……"这个句型结构的意思是"越……就越……"或"愈是……则愈是……"。此结构中的比较级可以是形容词，也可以是副词。

　　答案D

　　[例2] I'm not sure whether Mary can sing ________ Mabel.

　　A. as well as B. as good as C. so good as D. as better as

　　分析 此题考查了两个知识点：（1）副词和形容词用法的区别：（2）as…as句式。句中谓语动词是行为动词，应选副词。B、C项应排除. as…as中间应用副词或形容词原级，所以答案应为A。

　　[例3] Let's hope the things can get______.

　　A. better and better B. well and well C. good and good D. best and best

　　分析 答案为A。两个比较级并列在一起，表示"越来越……"之意，此句主要考查比较级特殊句型"more and more"结构，该句式表示持续不断变化，其动词常是become, be, get, grew等，又如：Spring has come. It is getting warmer and warmer.

　　[例4] （甘肃省，2003）I am I want a piece of bread

　　A. full B. hungry C. tired D. thirsty

　　分析 此题在语境中考查形容词的用法。由后句意"我要一块面包"说名与"饿"有关，故选B。

　　答案：选B。

　　[例5] （天津市，2003）In our city，it' s in July, nut it is even in August.

　　A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter

　　分析 此题考查形容词及比较级的用法。前空应填原级，后空有even修饰要用比较级，故选D。

　　答案：选D

　　解后反思 如下几个形容词的比较级和最高级要双写最后的辅音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，fat-fatter-fattest，thin-thinner-thinnest，wet-wetter-wettest。简记为：大（big），热（hot），湿纸（wet），谁（肥，fat）瘦（thin）？（利用谐音记）

　　[例6] （山西省太原市，2002）The little girl likes animals. When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me.

　　A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily

　　分析 由句意知C、D可以排除，又此句中look at是行为动词而不是连系动词，故选B

　　答案：B

　　解后反思 形容词和副词都具有修饰作用，但是各自修饰的对象不同，形容词修饰名词，作定语，或在连系动词后作表语。而副词修饰行为动词，形容词或副词作状语。

　　【介词】

　　[例1] 用正确的介词填空。

　　1）The little girl is looking________ her mother.

　　2）Thank you ________ your help.

　　3）Don't read ________ bed.

　　4）Tom comes ________ the USA.

　　第1小题要填for，因为look for是一个固定词组，表示寻找的行为。第 2小题填 for，既可说 Thanks for…也可以说 Thank you for…，for后接名词。第3小题填 in。表示"在床上"in bed，一般不说 on bed。第 4小题come from一个固定短语，意思相当于be from，表示"来自…"。

　　[例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.

　　A. in; on B. to; to C. to; in D. in; to

　　解析 表示方位的介词in, on, to意义各不相同。在范围内的地方用in。China属于Asia范围内，故先用in；不在范围内的地方用to，若两地相连，则要用介词on, China和Japan不属同一范围且有海相隔，故选择to。因此答案为D。

　　四．强化训练及答案

　　【名词】

　　选择正确答案

　　1. There are forty ______ in our school.

　　A. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers D. women teacher

　　2. Mr. Li is one of ______ in the hospital.

　　A. most popular doctors B. the most popular doctors

　　C. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor

　　3. The sign "NO PHOTOS" means that you can't ______.

　　A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D. sell any photos

　　4. Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams.

　　A. Class Three B .the Class Three C. Three Class D .the Three Class

　　5. Have you got any ______ for us this time?

　　A. pieces of message B. piece of messages

　　C. pieces of messages D. messages

　　6. ______, those mountains will be covered with trees.

　　A. In a few years time B. After a few years time

　　C. In a few years' time D. After a few years time

　　7. Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another. So there are ______ in China.

　　A. both SAR B. both SARS C. two SAR D. two SARS

　　8. Look! There are ______ stars up there in the ______.

　　A. thousands of; sky B. thousands of; air

　　C. thousand of; sky D. thousand of; air

　　9. My father lived in ______ for some ten years.

　　A. city Beijing B. the Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing

　　10. Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun.

　　A. noise B. voice C. sound D .sing

　　11. -Where are the other two students?

　　-They're in ______.

　　A. teacher's office B. teachers' office

　　C. the teacher office D. the teachers' office

　　12. -How many ______ have you next term?

　　-Let me see. We'll have eight.

　　A. lesson B. subjects C. days D. class

　　13. My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is ______.

　　A. Edward B. Hartpode C. David D. David Hartpode

　　14. He writes more carefully than ______ in his class.

　　A. any student B. any other student C. any other students D. all students

　　15. This new kind ______ can do half the work.

　　A. of tractor B. tractor C. of a tractor D. a tractor

　　16. John is very happy to have a ______ training.

　　A. two weeks B. two-month C. two-weeks D. two-months

　　17. My brother is always careless. He always makes ____

　　A. mistakes B. mistake C. mistook D. some mistake

　　18. Mr. Green is nearly ______.

　　A. two metres high B. two metres tall C. high two metres D. tall two metres

　　19. Mr. Smith is an ______.

　　A. English B. English man C. Englishman D. Englishmen

　　20. A group of ______ are talking with two ______.

　　A. Frenchmen; Germans B .Frenchmen; Germen

　　C. German; Frenchmen D Germans; Frenchmans

　　【代词】

　　单项选择

　　1. ______ the twins enjoyed ______ at the party yesterday.

　　A. Both; them B. Both; themselves C. Neither; them D. All; themselves

　　2. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea?

　　-______, thanks. I'd like just a cup of water.

　　A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

　　3. -Would you like ______ milk in your tea?

　　-Yes, just ______.

　　A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little; some

　　4. There is______ to do this evening.

　　A. much nothing B. many nothing C. nothing much D. nothing many

　　5. The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget ______.

　　A. anything else B. something else C. nothing else D. everything else

　　6. -Is this your shoe?

　　-Yes, it is. But where is______?

　　A. the others B. another C. other one D. the other one

　　7. What I want to say is ______English is a very useful language.

　　A. it B. this C. that D. those

　　8. They have an English lesson ______ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

　　A. each other B. every other C. some others D. another more

　　9. We found______ very important to learn a foreign language well.

　　A. this B. that C. it D. it's

　　10. -______ is Lily like?

　　-Oh, she's tall and thin.

　　A. How B. Who C. Which D. What

　　11. -Would you like milk or orange?

　　-_______ I prefer water.

　　A. Each B. Neither C. Either D. Both

　　12 .-Oh, there is someone in the room.

　　-______ must be my mother.

　　A. There B. She C. This D. It

　　13. Betty and John have come back, but _______ students in the class aren't here yet.

　　A. the other B. others C. another D. the others

　　14. ______ of us has read the story.

　　A. Some B. Both C. All D. None

　　15. -Which of her parents is a doctor?

　　-________.

　　A. Any B. Either C. Both D. All

　　16. I have bought a new watch because my old ______ doesn't work.

　　A. it B. one C. that D. this

　　17. -Is this dictionary _______ or _______?

　　-It's mine.

　　A. your; hers B. your; her C. your; her D. yours; hers

　　18. There is ______ water in my glass. Will you please give me ______.

　　A. little; some B. few; any C. few; some D. little; any

　　19. -______pencil-box is this, Patrick?

　　-It's ______

　　A. Whose; mine B. Who's; mine C. Whose; my D. Who's; my

　　20. -The pen is _______. She wrote _______ name with it _______.

　　A. hers; her; herself B. her; hers; her

　　C. her; hers; herself D. her; herself; hers

　　【冠词】

　　用适当的冠词填空，不需要冠词的空白处填"×"

　　1. Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.

　　2. The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.

　　3. Mary is interested in ______ science.

　　4. Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.

　　5. Last night I went to______ bed very late.

　　6. Don't worry. We still have ______ little time left.

　　7. What ______ beautiful day! And what ______ fine weather!

　　8. In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.

　　9. John is______ cleverest boy in his class.

　　10. We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.

　　11. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______ France, for Washington by______ air.

　　12. We were having______ lunch when they came in.

　　13. This is ______ book you gave me last week.

　　14. What did you do ______ last Saturday?

　　15. March 8 is ______ Women's Day.

　　16. If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.

　　17. I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.

　　18. At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.

　　19. Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.

　　20. ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.

　　【数词】

　　选择填空

　　l. September is the ________ month of the year.

　　A. eighth B. ninth C. tenth D. eleventh

　　2. The People's Republic of China was founded ________

　　A. on October the first, 1949 B. in October the first ,1949

　　C. on October one, 1949 D. on October first one, 1949

　　3. There are ________ days in a year.

　　A. three hundreds and sixty-five B. three hundreds and fifty-six

　　C. three hundreds of sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty-five

　　4. There are ________ days in February.

　　A. thirty B. thirty-one C. twenty-eight D. twenty-six

　　5. The film begins at 4:15. The right answer of "4:15" is _______

　　A. four fifth B. fifteen four C. four fifteen D. a quarter to four

　　6. ________is seventy seven.

　　A. forty and four B. thirty-seven and forty

　　C. forty or thirty-seven D. seventy of seven

　　7. What row are you in? I am in ________.

　　A. Row One B. Row First C. Row one D. One Row

　　8. How many months are there in a year? There are _______

　　A. eleven B. twelve C. twenty D. twelfth

　　9. At the age of ________, he was a worker.

　　A. twenty B. the twenty C. twentieth D. one

　　10. The Changjiang River is ________ longest river in China.

　　A. the first B. the second C. the third D. the fourth

　　【形容词、副词】

　　根据A句完成B句，使两句句意一致。

　　1. A: Their football team is much stronger than the other two.

　　B: Their football team is ______ ______ of the _____.

　　2. A: I prefer science to any other subject.

　　B: I like science _____ _____ any other subject.

　　3. A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping, too.

　　B: Jane went shopping yesterday and ______ _____ I.

　　4. A: This room is not big. It can't hold a lot of people.

　　B: This room is not big_____ ______ hold so many people.

　　5. A: That machine doesn't work.

　　B: There is______ ______ with that machine.

　　6. A: The snow was very heavy last night.

　　B: It _____ ______ last night.

　　7. A: His uncle no longer works here.

　　B: His uncle _____work here ______ longer.

　　8. A: This is the most important thing at this moment.

　　B: This thing is _____ important than anything ______ at this moment.

　　9. A: He was so angry that he couldn't .say a word.

　　B: He was ______ angry _______ say a word.

　　10. A: Zhang Tao speaks English better than any other student in his class.

　　B: ______ speaks English so _____ as Zhang Tao.

　　【介词】

　　用适当的介词填空

　　1. You'd better not go ______ the forest. It's dangerous.

　　2. Which room are you going to live ______?

　　3. The building is ______ fire. There're some people ______ the top floor.

　　4. Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.

　　5. It's not good to come late ______ school.

　　6. What's wrong ______ your bike?

　　7. Thank you very much ______ coming to see me.

　　8. I couldn't finish it ______ your help.

　　9. Don't laugh ______ others' mistakes.

　　10. Do the twins look ______ their father?

　　11. -How do you usually come to school, every day?

　　-Sometimes ______ bike, sometimes ______ foot.

　　12. It's very kind ______ you to help me ______ my maths.

　　13. Don't read ______ the sun. It's bad ______ your eyes.

　　14. The teacher told us the moon travels ______ the earth.

　　15. You must learn these words ______ heart, and answer my question______ English.

　　16. Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.

　　17. Thanks ______ your help, I finished the work before dark.

　　18. It's cold and the temperature is ______ zero during the night.

　　19. The teacher is writing ______ red ink ______ a piece of paper.

　　20. The children are waiting ______ the gate ______ their mother.

　　名词答案：1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A

　　代词答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17. D 18.A 19.A 20.A

　　冠词答案：1. ×; a 2.an 3. × 4. × 5. × 6. a 7.a; × 8. ×; ×; × 9.the 10.×; × 11. the; ×; × 12. × 13.the 14.× 15. × 16.the 17.the; × 18.the 19.the 20. The; the

　　数词答案： 1-5 B A D C C 6-10 B A B A A

　　形容词、副词答案：1.the strongest; three 2.better; than 3.so did 4.enough to 5.something wrong 6.snowed heavily 7.doesn't; any 8.more; else 9.too; to 10.Nobody; well

　　介词答案：1.through 2.in 3.on, on 4.between 5.to 6.with 7.for 8.without 9.at 10.like 11.by; on 12.of; with 13.in; for 14.around/ round 15.by; in 16.at; on 17.to 18.below 19.in; on 20.at; for