(5) He was charged for taking bribes.

4） 词类错误

a+n, adjective as complement, ad+a, object+a, ad+v, compound adjective

(1) To produce "pollution-free" cars is a scientifically impossibility.

(2) When situations became seriously, the government would interfere.

(3) The consideratehostess tried to make every guest comfortably.

(4) Before public school education was general practiced, mothers taught their children at home.

(5) It is the first time in history that man is entire free of smallpox.

5） 单词混淆

(1) The little girl inquired a good knowledge of English because she spent her childhood in Britain.

(2) The speaker rose his voice when he saw that people began to leave.

(3) The teacher contributed his success to diligence and good luck.

(4) The actress received many complements on her excellent performance.

(5) The machine is of imaginable design.

2． 语法错误

1） 时态，语态和虚拟语气

(1) Individuals belong to existing species differ from one another.

(2) He told me he will be a good tennis player the next year when we met on a train.

(3) That was the only party that I ever really enjoyed.

(4) He scarcely left the house when he heard a cry of "Help".

(5) Suppose you are a millionaire, how would you spend the money?

2） 一致性

主谓一致，定语从句中的谓语动词与做主语的关系代词及先行词保持一致

(1) Old people complained that the young was ignorant of the past.

(2) Only the first few questions are easy; the rest is very difficult.

(3) The little girl accompanied by her parents and her teacher are leaving for NY.

(4) Statistics are a rather modern branch of mathematics.

(5) The teacher said he was the only one of the boys who were granted a scholarship.

3） 非谓语动词错误

(1) Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships of the dangers along the coast.

(2) Comparing with other media, TV is almost unrivalled.

(3) People cannot but feel puzzling, for they simply cannot understand why.

(4) We insist on your to leave the place before anything happens.

(5) You don't have to remind him. He will remember returning the book sooner or later.

4） 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

(1) The climate in the center of a city is much warmer than the suburbs.

(2) He is more friendlier than when we met him for the first time.

(3) We are more ignorant of science as people with little education.

(4) This mountain is almost three times as high than the Jingshan Hill.

(5) This recorder is more superior to that one in quality and price.

5） 排比

(1) The teachers have the same interest in good facilities as that of the students.

(2) Does the noise bother you as much as me?

(3) Jack spent his vacation going to Paris, flying to London and went to NY.

(4) While in China, the tourists enjoyed to their heart's content the weather, the food and going to the cinema.

(5) The value of a course depends as much on its inherent interest as its use.

3． 逻辑错误

1） 肯定与否定

(1) In the past all inhabitants in a town knew each other very well, while nowadays people on the same floor even say "Hello" to each other.

(2) Many people are very conservative. They do not like and can accept new things.

(3) Computers answer telephones, read and answer letters in much more time than a person can.

2） 指代错误

(1) China is determined to continue their fight against drug-related crimes.

(2) Few of us realize how important health is until they are seriously ill.

(3) Scientists discover that sea water can be valuable. It has been suggested that their currents be used to make electricity.

(4) The world's energy demand still continues to rise. How will that ever be possible for us to get through?

(5) The difficulty is that this heat from the sun cannot be used without some machine to turn them into power.

3） 连接词与关系词错误

(1) Carbon is widely found in many forms including both diamonds as well as coal.

(2) He smoked too many cigarettes that his lung turns black.

(3) By time you graduate from college, the problem will have been solved.

(4) The news we lost the game against Coast Rica disappointed many Chinese.

(5) No sooner had the words been spoken so he realized that he should have remained silent.

Supplementary Cartoons

该飞的不能飞，不该飞的乱飞

应用性短文写作

一．基本类型。

二．写作格式。

三．注意事项。

四．评分标准。

五．如何准备。

六．范文及练习。

Writing 1（辞职+道歉信）

Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

● 参考范文：

Dear Mr. Wang,

I'm writing this letter to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position. There are several reasons why I have to do this.

First of all, I find that what I learned at university cannot meet the requirements of my job. Therefore, I plan to study further and decide to prepare for the entrance exams for graduate schools. In addition, I am more interested in communicating with people instead of the words. In the end, the work pressure is too much for me, which has affected my health.

I'm sorry for any inconvenience my resignation may cause. I hope you will approve of it and I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Writing 2（请求帮助信）

You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:

1) detailed information about the books you want,

2) methods of payment,

3) time and way of delivery.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

● 参考范文1：

To whom it may concern,

I'm writing this letter to inquire about the English reference books I need for preparing for the entrance exams for graduate schools. Since I want to lay a solid foundation for English, I'm especially interested in grammar and vocabulary books.

As far as the means of payment are concerned, I wonder if I can mail you the money through the post office. This is the most convenient way for me.

Could you tell me how many days it will take the books to reach me? What's more, if you can mail me the books, I'll be much grateful.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

● 参考范文2：

Dear Sir or Madam,

As a student preparing for College English Test Band 6, I am writing to ask if you have "How to Crack CET-6" compiled by Prof. Kang Jiangang.

If you have the book for sale, I'd like to mail order it. Please let me know if I can pay for it by money order or do you accept credit card?

I'd appreciate it if you could send me the book at your earliest convenience by EMS, since you know I have to lay a good foundation for the preparation of the test.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming



Writing 3（感谢+请求帮助信）

You attended a short-term English course in Britain and stayed with a local family, the Smiths. When you came back you found that you had carelessly left you laptop computer in their home. Write a letter to your host and hostess expressing your gratitude for their hospitality and telling them your problem. Ask them to return the computer to you.

● 参考范文：

Dear Smiths,

I have returned safely to my home in Beijing. Thank you for your hospitality during my stay in Britain (and I've learned a lot about English language and your culture).

Do you remember the "ThinkPad" I was using every day when I was in Britain? I carelessly left it in my room when I left. It should be on the top layer of my bookshelf. (Now the problem is I have to use it to write a report, but most of the valuable data were saved in my laptop computer.) I'm sorry to bother you again, but I'll be very grateful if you could send it back to me at the address I gave you before I left.

I'm sorry for the inconvenience I bring you. Thanks again for everything you did for me when we were together. (If you have a chance to visit China, do let me know. I'll be your good guide.） I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours truly,

Li Ming

Writing 4（求学信）

Imagine you want to study in a US university for a master's degree. Your composition should include:

1) an introduction of yourself,

2) why you want to study in that university, and

3) your thanks.

● 参考范文：

To whom it may concern,

I am writing to apply for a master's degree at your university. My name is Li Ming and I am going to graduate in this July. My major in the university is chemistry and I hope to study at the Department of Chemistry of your university.

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. To begin with, your university is a world-famous one and especially good at chemistry. What's more, I believe I am qualified to study in your university. I have been studying hard at Peking University and I have all "As" in my courses. Last but not least, I am very much interested in chemistry and plan to devote myself to the study of it.

Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours Sincerely

Li Ming

Writing 5（病假条）

Suppose you are a student and are ill so you cannot attend the class today. Write a sick leave to your teacher.

● 参考范文：

Dear Prof. Kang,

I am very sorry to tell you that I cannot attend today's lecture held by you owing to the fact that I caught a bad cold last night. The doctor said that I should stay in bed for a couple of days. Thus I am compelled to ask for sick leave of two days. I shall make up for the missing classes by consulting my classmates and return to class as soon as I feel better.

Enclosed with this letter is the doctor's certificate.

Yours respectfully

Li Ming

Writing 6（征稿启事）

Suppose you are an editor of China University Journal and need contributions for the 50th anniversary of the university. Write a notice for contributions.

● 参考范文：

Contributions Wanted

November 10, 2004

To celebrate the 50th anniversary of China University, this journal has decided to publish a special issue on our great achievements in the teaching and research activities in the past 50 years. Articles, photos, memoirs and other writings related to this topic are invited. Faculty members and students are welcome to send in their contributions in whatever forms or styles to our office before October 30. They may also send their writings and photos electronically to the following address: mail@chinauni.edu.cn.

The Editorial Office

China University Journal

Writing 7（报告）

To: Mr. Adam Smith

From: Mr. Wang Li

Subject: Views on China's Entry into the WTO

Date: July 1, 2004

● 参考范文：

As required I chose 500 subjects and asked them, through telephone, about what they thought about the recent entry of China into the WTO. Here is what I get from the survey:

For the majority of people (about 60%), this entry into the WTO is a great success both nationally and internationally. They argue that, on one hand, it stands for the government's determination to open China further to the world. On the other hand, they also believe that the WTO needs China, for it is well known that China is quickly becoming the largest market on the surface of our planet.

A smaller group of subjects (about 30%) remain suspicious, or pessimistic of the event. They express deep concern for the future of China's state enterprises.

This is what we can get from the survey. If you need more information, please let us know.

Writing 8（求职信）

Suppose you are Li Ming studying in a US university. Write a letter of application to apply for a position in ABC Company.

● 参考范文：

To Whom It May Concern,

Could you use a dependable assistant for the coming summer?

Presently I am enrolled in the M.A. program (communication) at the City University of New York. This semester is going to terminate around the middle of June. To obtain more practical experience and earn part of my education expenses, I plan to find a job for the coming summer from June 20 to September 20. I have had a working permit from the immigration office.

Before I came to the States, I had worked as an executive secretary with a trading company for one year and three months and as a clerk for Bank of China Beijing Branch for half a year.

I can type 50 wpm, take shorthand, act as a receptionist, and above all, I can work hard with efficiency and patience.

May I come in to see you at your convenience?

Very truly yours,

Li Ming

Writing 9(祝贺信)

Dear Mr. He,

I was very happy to learn that your country won the bid for the Olympic Games 2008 and I would like, on behalf of the Canadian People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name, to express to you and to your country my warmest congratulations.

I hope that the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two countries will be further developed. I wish Beijing Olympic Games 2008 would be a magnificent sports meet in the history of Olympic Games.

With best wishes.

Sincerely yours,

Helen T. Lynn



Writing 10（便笺）

Dear Jack,

During the entire school year I have really enjoyed your company and all the time we've spent studying and relaxing together. I have talked to my parents about you a great deal and they would really enjoy making your acquaintance. They have asked me to invite you to stay at our home over the summer vacation. I think this would be a great opportunity for us to spend more time together and get to know each other even better. I really hope that you will be able to join me in my hometown for the vacation.

Yours,

Li Ming

信封的格式

Wang Ping Stamp

101 Fuxing Street

Beijing, 100010

P. R. China

Mr. John Smith

58 Fifth Road 12345

New York

The U.S.A.

Nothing succeeds like success!

关键字:考研英语

生词表: