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A benefits B affects C guides D effects



affect vt. 影响; effect n. 影响。



46. Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?



A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of



in relation to 与…相比; in contrast to 与…形成对照;



in excess of 超过,超出(一定的限定范围); in favor of 赞同,支持。



47. Children are very curious _D_.



A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature



at heart 在心理,在内心; heart 强调的是内心的感情,mind 强调的是思维,头脑,soul 灵魂



in person 亲自,本人; on purpose 有意的,故意的; by nature 生性(天性)使然。



48. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.



A objected to having B were objected to have



C objected to have D were objected to having



58. The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.



A have told B having told C being told D be told



confess v. 忏悔; confess to 承认,坦白。



49. The teacher doesn't permit _C_ in class.



A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke



permit v. 允许,准许; permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事; permit doing 允许做某事。



-------------------------2000-06-------------------------



21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.



A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel



22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.



A all the information B all the informations



C all of information D all of the informations



23. Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.



A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived



24. Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. [参与,参加]



A conservative B content C confident D generous



conservative adj. 保守的; conservative party 保守党; content adj. 甘愿的,满足的;



confident adj. 自信的,有信心的; generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的。



25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.



A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied



maintain 坚持认为; medium n. 媒体单数,media n. 媒体复数;



grant vt. 授予,给予; imply vt. 隐含,暗示; exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张,高估;



remedy vt. 弥补,补救,修正。



26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. [victims 受害人]



A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded



27. I have no objection _B_ your story again. [object to + 动名词]



A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard



28. The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.



A curiosity B status C determination D significance



status n. 身份,地位; significance n. 意义,重要性;



29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.



A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate



accurate adj. 精确的; urgent adj. 紧急的,紧迫的; excessive adj. 过多的,过度的;



adequate adj. 充足的,足够的。



30. You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.



A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising



31. The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.



A go along with B go back on C go through D go into



go through 经历



32. The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.



A would present B present C presents D ought to present



suggestion, suggest 所引导的句子都用虚拟语气。 should + (动词原形)



34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.



A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped



suggest + doing也可以



33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.



A whose B which C that D what



whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.



35. I didn't know the word. I had to _C_ a dictionary.



A look out B make out C refer to D go over



look up 查阅; look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查单词



reference n. 参考书目; reference room 资料室;



36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory. [sufficient 充足的,足够的;grounds 论据;arguments 论点]



A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base



base vt. 以…作基础,基于… which引导从句时,如果从句是介词结尾则介词应在which之前。



on which (he is) to base



37. There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.



A that B which C in which D whose



sign n. 迹象; fact n. 事实; evidence n. 证据;后面常加同位语从句来说明具体内容。



同位语从句用that(不能省略)引导。



38. I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. [or else 否则,要不然]



A or else B and then C or so D even so



39. It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.



A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable



partial adj. 偏袒的,偏爱的(经常与to或towards搭配)



40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures. [figures 数目,数据;extra 额外的,附加的]



A extensive B spare C extra D supreme



41. - "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?"



- "I'm sorry. Mr. Williams _A_ to a conference long before then."



A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone



当要表达将来的行为在将来的某时间之前完成用将来完成时,将来完成时结构:will have + p.p.



42. You _D_ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.



A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow



C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following



should have + p.p. 本应该; shouldn't have + p.p. 本不应该



43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.



A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows



part-time 兼职; full-time 全职; flexible working patterns 弹性工作制; training 培训;



retraining 再培训; take advantage 利用;



44. Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.



A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined



assembled 聚集; secretary 书记。



45. Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.



A include B involve C contain D comprise



involve 引起,与…直接有关



46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems; _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least. [the least 最高级]



A with which B for which C of which D which



42. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems; _C_ obtaining water is not the least. [the least 最高级]



A for which B to which C of which D in which



47. In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million. [in the event of 万一,如果]



A face B time C event D course



in the face of 面对; in the time of 在…时期; in the course of 在…期间。



48. The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.



A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work



would rather + 动词原形; would rather + 句子(用虚拟语气,句子谓语动词用一般过去时



49. _D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.



A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her



C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her



如果用although引导则应改成:Although he likes her very much …



50. The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. [无论是在空格前还是后,如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to]



A within B to C by D at



to a large extent 在很大程度上。



第3课



倒装:倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。



谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。



谓语中的一部分通常是指:1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。



全部倒装的五条原则:



1. There be句型(表示有);



2. 以There或now开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为come或go;



There you go again. 你又去那里了。



3. 以Here开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为系动词be; Here you are. 拿去。



4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子;



在2、3、4前提下,如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。



5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。



部分倒装的六条原则:



1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定,这个句子用部分倒装;



nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定,句子也用部分倒装;



2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句,可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置,构成部分倒装;



3. as, though表示"尽管"时引导从句,从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装;



系动词后面的部分就是表语,形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。



例如:She is beautiful. They are students.



四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。



26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.



A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published



当题干是as引导一个从句,且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管,空格处要填的就是表语。



being published 正在被出版; to be published 将要被出版。



此句恢复正常语序应为: As it was published at such a time …



4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;



常见的一些表示否定含义的单词:never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;



seldom 难得,不常;nowhere 哪里都不。



常见的一些表示否定含义的短语:in no way 决不; on no account 决不;



under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。



5. only + 状语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;(如果only去掉就是全部倒装)



43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.



A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted



C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen



freshmen 新生; make up for 弥补,补偿; make-up tests 补考(缓考)。



6. 注意两个表达形式:come what may 无论发生什么情况; say what you will 畅所欲言。



-------------------------1991-06-------------------------



强调句式的补充内容:被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。



60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.



A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is



prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍(阻止)某人做某事。



强调部分本为: it is what that prevents so many …



又因为句中有疑问词,应写为: what is it that prevents so ...



但强调句式在句中作宾语成分,故正确写法为: what it is that …



50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.



A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go



than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配,不会单独出现; rather than + 动词原形



平行结构,遇到平行结构时应做的两步:



1 找出连接词,2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。



51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.



A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited



appreciate + 动名词(不能加动词原形,不能加句子)。



41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.



A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep



your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。



52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.



A regard B counting C account D observation



take sth. into account 考虑。



54. Important people don't often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.



A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in



55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.



A got off B got across C got away D got over



got over it 克服战胜。



56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.



A rate B speed C pace D growth



pace 节奏; rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。



57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.



A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely



rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后,表示实在意思的词前面。



58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.



A having known B being known C knowing D known



know 没有现在分词;know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配:of, about。



known for 以…而著名。



60. I couldn't find _A_, and so I took this one.



A a large enough coat B an enough large coat



C a large coat enough D a coat enough large



enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。



61. I always _B_ what I have said.



A get to B hold to C lead to D see to



本题所有选项中的to都是介词,其后加动词动名词的形式。



hold to 坚守,信守; see to 负责做,处理,照料(后面加的都是某件事情,不加人)



62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.



A when B then C than D until



no sooner … than 一…就…



63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.



A what B which C that D whose



evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实,后面都要带同位语从句,且从句用that引导。



64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to,太…而不能…]



A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to



65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.



A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable



guilty adj. 有罪的; be ashamed of 因…而羞愧(不好意思)的; miserable adj. 悲惨的。



66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.



A in B at C during D over



ceremony n. 典礼,仪式。要表达在某典礼(仪式)上用介词at。



at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。



67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?



A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose



do you supposed 常做插入语。



68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管; as for 关于,至于]



A As for B Besides C Except D Despite



69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.



A have B has C having D to have



influence on 对…造成影响,很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。



70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.



A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself



hurt oneself 自残; be to + 动词原形,将要做某事;



-------------------------1993-06-------------------------



41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.



A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared



be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事



42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.



A and B but C or D an order



and 在这里表示一种结果,翻译成"那么(和)"。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译:



1. 省略句 + and + 句子; 2. 祈使句 + and + 句子。



47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.



A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen



43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.



A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order



order n. 定购,订单; purchase n. 购买。



45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.



A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding



如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的,则时态要选择完成时态。



将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。



solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。



46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.



A take on B get on C put up D look up



take on 承担; take on responsibility 承担责任。



47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.



A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one



dinner n. 正餐(多指晚餐); supper n. 夜宵,晚餐; breakfast n. 早餐; lunch n. 午餐;



brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]



48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.



A inform B informs C informed D has informed



desire v. 要求,表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气, (should) + 动词原形。



其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require.



49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.



A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally



not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。 vary vi. 变化。



vary from … to … 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between … and … 在两者之间进行变化。



29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.



A change B vary C alter D convert



individual n. 个人,个体; individualism n. 个人主义。



44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.



A alter B shift C transfer D vary



50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.



A before B until C since D when



It + 系动词 + 一段时间 + before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。



54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.



A since B when C after D before



51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意,留神]



A in B at C for D on



52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.



A retain B endure C maintain D survive



retain vt. 保持,保留; endure v. 忍受; maintain vt. 维持,保持,坚持认为;



survive vi. 生存; vt. 活过 … (宾语为某种灾难)。 survive a flood 活过一场洪水。



前缀sur表示过 … ,外,超; vive 表示生活,强调活着。



54. They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.



A which is B which was C they have D it is



less … than句子前后要平衡结构。



55. In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.



A attend B attended C to attend D attending



far more than 远远多于,远不止于;也要句子前后平衡结构。



56. The French pianist [n. 钢琴师] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.



A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down




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