可数名词

Count nouns are nouns that can be quantified or counted with a number.

可数名词是可以量化或用数字计数的名词。

A few examples:

• Names of persons, animals, plants, insects, and their parts: a boy, a kitten, a rose, an ear, three boys, seven kittens, twelve roses, two ears
• Objects with a definite shape: a building, a balloon, a house, an octopus, four buildings, six balloons, four houses, two octopi
• Units of measurement and words of classification: a gram, a pound, a piece, a lump, an item, a bit, a family, a state, a language, a phrase, a word
• Some abstract words: a hindrance, a scheme, an idea, a plan, a taboo, a rest

Tests for Count Nouns:

• Count nouns can be quantified by a number.
• They have singular and plural forms.
• They can use a, an, or one as a modifier.
• They can use "many" as a modifier.

物质名词(不可数名词)

Mass nouns are uncountable by a number. Mass nouns are quantified by a word that signifies amount.

物质名词是数字不可数的。

几个例子:

• Materials, food, metals, and natural qualities: bread, cotton, wood, lightness, adolescence
• Names of liquids, gases, and substances made of many small particles: cappuccino, oil, smoke, oxygen, rice, sugar, salt, cement, gravel
• Names of languages: English, Spanish, French, Latin, Sanskrit, Chinese
• Most gerunds: looking, listening, swimming, running, anticipating

请记住，数字不能用于量化物质名词。 不正确： four woods, one rice, three courages (四个树林，一个米饭，三个勇气).

To measure or classify mass nouns, use "of" after a measurement: a foot of wood, a pound of rice, an ounce of courage, a bar of chocolate, a piece of music, a bag of money

Tests for Mass Nouns:

• Mass nouns are quantified by an amount rather than a number.
• They have only one form (singular).
• They cannot have "a," "an," or "one" before them as modifiers.
• They can use "much" as a modifier.

kitten [´kitn]   n.小猫   (初中英语单词)

definite [´definit]   a.确定的，明确的   (初中英语单词)

measurement [´meʒəmənt]   n.测量；尺寸；宽度   (初中英语单词)

phrase [freiz]   n.短语；词组；措词   (初中英语单词)

scheme [ski:m]   n.计划；阴谋，诡计   (初中英语单词)

oxygen [´ɔksidʒən]   n.氧，氧气   (初中英语单词)

running [´rʌniŋ]   a.奔跑的；流动的   (初中英语单词)

measure [´meʒə]   n.量度；范围 vt.测量   (初中英语单词)

amount [ə´maunt]   n.总数；数量 v.合计   (初中英语单词)

balloon [bə´lu:n]   n.气球   (高中英语单词)

singular [´siŋgjulə]   a.单一的；非凡的   (高中英语单词)

cement [si´ment]   n.水泥；接合剂 vt.粘结   (高中英语单词)

abstract [´æbstrækt]   a.抽象的 n.提要   (英语四级单词)

classify [´klæsifai]   vt.把…分类(归类)   (英语四级单词)

hindrance [´hindrəns]   n.障碍，妨碍   (英语六级单词)