酷兔英语

高二英语(人教版)专项复习2--不定式,动名词

一. 本周教学内容:
高二英语(人教版)专项复习2--不定式,动名词

二. 教学目标:
归纳总结非谓语动词中不定式的用法

三. 教学重、难点:
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别

四. 具体内容:
(一)谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.    
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)  
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.  
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)                      
谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.      
拉克喜欢流行音乐。(动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)

(二)非谓语动词的特征:
1. 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2. 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)  
It’s too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)                      
3. 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.   
对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)     
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.  
从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。(seen from...是分词的被动形式)                      
4. 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.  
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)  
There are two big swimming pools here.  
这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)

(三)非谓语动词的形式变化:
不定式
主动
被动
一般
to write
to be written
进行
to be writing
/
完成
to have written
to have been written
完成进行
to have been writing
/

现在分词
主动
被动
一般
writing
being written
完成
having written
having been written
过去分词
/
written

动名词
主动
被动
一般
writing
being written
完成
having written
having been written

(四)动词不定式:
动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
1. 动词不定式作主语:  
To master a language is not an easy thing.     
掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite.   
教英语是我的爱好。   
It’s my pleasure to help you.  
很乐意帮助你。
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It’s very kind of you to have given us much help.
你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。  
It’s necessary to find the witness.  
有必要找到目击者。  
2. 动词不定式作宾语:
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. 
What I wish is to learn English well.      
我所希望的是把英语学好。 
I like to help others if I can.   
如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。   
3. 动词不定式作宾语补语 。  
We expect you to be with us.
我们希望你和我们在一起。   
Please ask him to come here quickly.       
请叫他快过来。   
4. 动词不定式作表语:    
What I should do is to finish the task soon.    
我应该做的是赶快完成任务。   
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.  
当务之急是马上去找孩子。 
5. 动词不定式作定语:    
There are many ways to solve the problem.   
有许多方法能解决这个问题。    
I have something important to tell you.    
我有重要的事情要告诉你。 
6. 不定式作状语:
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.    
我们去医院看了我们的老师。 
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.    
她在做试验,从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。 

(五)动词不定式的否定形式:
not + to + 动词原形        
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.      
老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 
It’s unfair not to tell us.     
没告诉我们真是不公平。  

(六)带疑问词的不定式:
疑问词who, what , which , when , where , how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。    
Where to go is not known yet.
去什么地方还不知道。  
I don’t know when t
生词表:
  • working [´wə:kiŋ] 移动到这儿单词发声  a.工人的;劳动的   (初中英语单词)
  • waiting [´weitiŋ] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.等候;伺候   (初中英语单词)
  • witness [´witnis] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.见证人 vt.目击   (初中英语单词)
  • urgent [´ə:dʒənt] 移动到这儿单词发声  a.急迫的,紧急的   (英语四级单词)
  • unfair [ʌn´feə] 移动到这儿单词发声  a.不公平的;不正直的   (英语四级单词)