酷兔英语

慈善家伊莱·布罗德(Eli Broad)喜欢长时间与艺术家相守,不管是邀请他们到家中聚餐,还是把他们的作品挂到 上。虽然在金融行业赚了70亿美元的财富,但80岁的布罗德更喜欢与那些富有创造力的人为伍,比如艺术家辛迪·舍曼(Cindy Sherman)和杰夫·昆斯(Jeff Koons)。有一次,他甚至在自家的盥洗室里碰到艺术家让-米歇尔·巴斯奎特(Jean-Michel Basquiat,如今已亡故)在抽大麻。当然这些亲密无间的体验是没法分享的,但他喜欢这么想:至少他为大众体验其中的一些作品创造了可能。布罗德和他结婚近60载的妻子伊迪萨(Edythe)已向洛杉矶的艺术文化机构及项目捐资逾八亿美元,以帮助这座城市转型为他现在所说的"世界文化之都"。与此同时,利用布罗德基金会(Broad Foundation)26亿美元的资产,他也在努力帮助美国公立学校和医学研究机构保持全球美誉度。他说:"我现在比掌管一家财富500强公司的时候更加勤奋了。"


The philanthropist Eli Broad likes to spend much of his time with artists, whether at his table or by having their work on his walls. Although he made his $7 billion fortune in finance, the 80-year-old Mr. Broad prefers the company of creative types, such as artists Cindy Sherman and Jeff Koons. He even once caught the late Jean-Michel Basquiat smoking pot in his powder room. There's no way to share these intimate experiences, of course, but he likes to think that at least he's made it possible for the broad public to experience some of the same artwork.


9月25日,他宣布了布罗德城市教育奖(Broad Prize for Urban Education)的第12位得主。这个奖项的奖金数额达100万美元,表彰的是学生表现进步最大、且低收入学生和少数族裔学生成绩差距缩小的城市学区。


Mr. Broad and his wife of nearly 60 years, Edythe, have given over $800 million to arts and culture institutions and initiatives in Los Angeles to help transform the city into what he now calls a 'cultural capital of the world.' At the same time, he's using his Broad Foundation's assets of $2.6 billion to try to keep America's public schools and medicalresearch institutions world-renowned, too. 'I work harder now than when I ran a Fortune 500 company,' he says.


布罗德称他做慈善的方式就像经营企业一样。他说,多数时候我都是往人身上下注。布罗德的大部分时间都是在亲自甄别办事能力强的领导者,然后投资这些领导者和他们的想法。另外,他每年都花数百万美元的资金来制定各种指标,以取得衡量学生表现的客观数据,并且只有在学校或机构显示出进步迹象的时候才继续给予资助。


At the end of this month, he'll announce the 12th winner of the $1 million Broad Prize for Urban Education, an award given to an urban school district that has demonstrated the greatest improvement in student performance, and has reduced the achievement gap among low-income and minority students.


他尊重有抱负的企业家,这种尊重可能源自于他自己的职业生涯。布罗德最开始干的是一些奇奇怪怪的工作,比如挨家挨户地推销垃圾处理机,又比如在Packard Motor公司当 床操作工。孩提时代,生于纽约布朗克斯的布罗德就和家人一起迁往底特律。他上的是公立中学,后来从密歇根州立大学(Michigan State University)毕业。后来为了回馈母校,他捐资建成了一家商学院和一家研究生院,并捐出2,800万美元建成了伊莱和伊迪萨·布罗德艺术博物馆(Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum),2012年秋季开放。


Mr. Broad describes his approach to philanthropy as entrepreneurial. Mostly, he says, 'what I do is I bet on people.' Mr. Broad himself spends most of his time identifying effective leaders--and then he invests in them and their ideas. He also spends millions of dollars each year coming up with metrics to reveal hard data about performance, and only continues funding a school or institution if it is showing signs of improvement.


大学毕业后,布罗德以20岁的年龄成为一名注册会计师。24岁的时候,他创办了Kaufman and Broad公司(现在称为"KB Home"),通过精减建筑成本提供低按揭郊区住房。在这家公司上市过后没几年,他又以5,200万美元的价格收购了一家家族持股的保险公司,改组为退休金储蓄公司SunAmerica。1999年,他以180亿美元的价格将SunAmerica卖给美国国际集团(American International Group)。2000年起他便全身心投入了慈善事业。


His respect for ambitious entrepreneurs could come from his own career, which started with odd jobs such as selling garbage disposals door-to-door and working as a drill press operator at Packard Motor. Born in the Bronx in New York, Mr. Broad moved with his family to Detroit as a child. He went to public school before graduating from Michigan State University. He has since given back to his alma mater by endowing a business school and a graduate school, and by making a $28 million gift to build the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum, which opened in fall 2012.


布罗德基金会的大部分资金都捐给了布罗德跟哈佛大学(Harvard)、麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)一起成立的基因药物研究机构"布罗德研究所"(Broad Institute)。现在拥有2,000多员工的布罗德研究所是按人类基金组计划(Human Genome Project)牵头科学家之一埃里克·兰德(Eric Lander)的想法成立的,2003年以来布罗德夫妇一共向它捐赠了六亿美元。


After college, Mr. Broad became a certified public accountant at the age of 20. At 24 he started Kaufman and Broad (now known as KB Home), a company that streamlined construction costs to offer suburban housing with low mortgages. A few years after it went public, he acquired a family-owned insurance business for $52 million that he turned into the retirement savings company SunAmerica. He sold it to American International Group in 1999 for $18 billion, and since 2000 has dedicated all of his time to philanthropy.


为了复兴洛杉矶市中心、特别是格兰德大街(Grand Avenue),布罗德夫妇进行了大手笔的投入。(他们住在洛杉矶的布伦特伍德(Brentwood)社区。)2003年,布罗德与前市长理查德·赖尔登(Richard Riordan)共同发起修建迪士尼音乐厅(Walt Disney Concert Hall)的行动。今年布罗德又为洛杉矶歌剧院(Los Angeles Opera)追加了700万美元的捐款。他说:"现在冲着文化来的游客是越来越多了。"布罗德希望艺术能对洛杉矶起到艺术家们对纽约Soho社区和切尔西社区(Chelsea)起到的那种作用,使当地社区更有活力更具吸引力。


The grantee to whom Mr. Broad's foundation has given the most money is the Broad Institute, a genomic medicine facility he created with Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Now with over 2,000 employees, it started as the brainchild of the scientist Eric Lander, one of the leaders of the Human Genome Project. The Broads have given $600 million to the institute since 2003.


布罗德是洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆(Museum of Contemporary Art)的创始理事长和终身受托人。他也是洛杉矶县立艺术博物馆(Los Angeles County Museum of Art)的主要捐款人,为该馆捐资6,000万美元,在2008年帮助成立了布罗德当代艺术博物馆(Broad Contemporary Art Museum)。因此,在洛杉矶注重当代艺术的背后,布罗德发挥的影响无人能及。这种影响力让一些批评者感到不安,但布罗德似乎并不在乎当"避雷针"。


The Broads have made a big investment in revitalizing downtown L.A., particularly Grand Avenue. (They live in L.A.'s Brentwood neighborhood.) He and former Mayor Richard Riordan spearheaded an effort to build the Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2003. Mr. Broad gifted an additional $7 million to the Los Angeles Opera this year. 'We're getting more and more cultural tourists,' he says. Mr. Broad is hoping the arts will do for L.A. what artists did for the New York neighborhoods of Soho and Chelsea, making the neighborhoods more lively and desirable.


现在他打算再建一座名叫"布罗德"(The Broad)的博物馆,由Diller Scofidio + Renfro事务所设计,预计在2014年年底开放。新馆将收纳布罗德夫妇两个收藏系列中的很多艺术品,其中既有私人藏品,也有属于布罗德基金会的藏品。入馆作品一共有2,000件左右,其中一部分目前存放在散布于南加州的六座仓库里面。(这些年来布罗德艺术基金会向近500家博物馆出借过作品。)


As the founding chairman and life trustee of L.A.'s Museum of Contemporary Art--and a major donor to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, where his $60 million gift helped create the Broad Contemporary Art Museum in 2008--Mr. Broad has unmatched influence in shaping the city's focus on contemporary art. That power has unnerved some critics, but Mr. Broad doesn't appear to mind playing a lightning-rod figure.


布罗德最开始收藏艺术品是在70年代。夫妇两人第一次购买的是凡高(van Gogh)的一幅画作,花了9.5万美元。接下来他们买下了一幅毕加索(Picasso)1939年的作品,然后是一幅马蒂斯(Matisse)1923年的作品。没过几年,夫妇二人又投身当代艺术品市场。他们拥有100多件辛迪·舍曼的摄影作品,并拥有罗伊·利希滕斯坦(Roy Lichtenstein)的不少作品,创作时间从60年代一直到90年代。布罗德很喜欢出借藏品,但有几件作品又是他十分迷恋的,所以他更愿意把这几件放在家里,列入自己的私人收藏系列。这样的作品有杰夫·昆斯的金属兔子雕塑,还有他妻子喜欢的一幅胡安·米罗(Joan Miro)1933年的画作。


He is now planning to build another museum called The Broad, designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro and scheduled to open in late 2014. The new museum will house much of the Broads' two collections, both personal and belonging to their foundation. In all that includes about 2,000 works, some of which are currently being stored in half a dozen warehouses across southern California. (The Broad Art Foundation has lent out artworks to nearly 500 museums over the years.)


布罗德夫妇购买当代知名艺术家作品的时间很早,对有些艺术品,他们现在付的保费比当初购买时的价格还高。他说,当今"日、韩收藏家买得很多,对冲基金经理等人士也买得多──在卡塔尔,他们每年的艺术品开支超过10亿"。这些资金流入改变了市场。布罗德说,从他以200美元的价格第一次购买辛迪·舍曼的作品以来,"艺术品价格已经大幅上涨"。虽然价格高了很多,他还是在买入当代艺术品。他说:"我们所买的作品大都是我们认识的艺术家在去年或两年前创作的。"他经常能提前见到作品,亲眼看着艺术品在艺术家自己的工作室里创作出来。


Mr. Broad first began collecting art in the 1970s. His and his wife's first purchase was a van Gogh drawing for $95,000. They went on to buy a 1939 Picasso, and then a 1923 Matisse drawing. Within a few years, the Broads turned to the contemporary market. They own over 100 Cindy Sherman photographs, as well as a substantialcollection of Roy Lichtenstein works from the 1960s to 1990s. Despite Mr. Broad's penchant for lending, he's so enamored with a few particular pieces that he prefers to keep them at home in his personal collection, such as a Jeff Koons metallicrabbitsculpture and a 1933 Mir