酷兔英语

 

French Basics

  • French (Français) is a Romance language spoken in France, Canada, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco, among other countries. Currently, about 300 million people around the world speak French (as either first or second language)

Consonant and Vowel letters

French has the same 26-letter alphabet as English, but some letters have some variations (French accents).
French has 22 consonant letters, as listed below:
   b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z
   cedilla  ç
French vowel letters:
  a e i o u y
  acute  é 
  grave  à, è, ù 
  circumflex  â, ê, î 
  umlaut  ä, ë, ï 

French Grammar

Nouns Gender

French has two genders:
All nouns are either masculine or feminine, for example:
chanteur (male singer), chanteuse (female singer)
personne (f) (person)
professeur (m) (professor)

French Articles and Pronouns

Articles
                         Singular           Plural
                  Masculine   feminine 
Definite Article      le         la           les
Indefinite Article    un         une          des
Partitive Article     du         de la        des
Pronouns

French Verbs

-er verbs (most cases), -ir verbs, and -re verbs (rare cases) are the three regular verbs. Examples:
parler (speak)      parlé (spoken)
aller (go)          allé (gone)
arriver (arrive)    arrivé (arrived)
finir (finish)      fini (finished)
choisir (choose)    choisi (chosen)
sortir (go out)     sorti (gone out)
vendre (sell)       vendu (sold)
fondre (melt)       fondu (melted)
descendre (descend) descendu (descended)
French verbs have 3 moods:
Indicative (l'indicatif)     Je suis ici   (I am here)
Imperative (l'impératif)     va !          (go !)
Subjunctive (le subjonctif)  Vive le roi ! (Long live the king!)
In French, there are 10 main verb tenses:

5 simple verb tenses
Present (le présent)           je vais      (I go)
Simple past (le passé simple)  j'allais     (I went)
Imperfect (l'imparfait)        j'allais     (I went)
Future (le futur)              j'irai       (I will go)
Conditional (le conditionnel)  j'irais      (I would go)
5 compound verb tenses
Passé composé         je suis allé      (I went/I have gone/I did go)
Pluperfect            j'étais allé      (I had gone)
Future perfect        je serai allé     (I will have gone)
Conditional perfect   je serais allé    (I would have gone )
Past subjunctive      que je sois allé  (that I had gone)
Auxiliary verbs
  • Conjugation of avoir (used by most verbs in compound tenses)
    j'ai  (I have)    nous avons (we have)
    tu as (you have)  vous avez  (you have)
    il a  (he has)    ils ont    (they have)
  • Conjugation of être
    je suis  (I am)     nous sommes (we are)
    tu es    (you are)  vous êtes   (you are)
    il est   (he is)    ils sont    (they are)