酷兔英语

  引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

  1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导。例如:

  she said, "i am very happy to help you."→

  she said that she was very happy to help you.

  2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if 引导。例如:

  he asked me, "do you like playing football?"→

  he asked me if/whether i liked playing football.

  注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:

  she asked me whether he could do it or not.

  he hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.

  3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如:

  my sister asked me, "how do you like the film?"→

  my sister asked me how i liked the film.

  4. 直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如:

  the captain ordered, "be quiet."→

  the captain ordered us to be quiet.

  注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。

  my teacher asked me, "don't laugh."→

  my teacher asked me not to laugh.

  5. 一些注意事项

  (1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。例如:

  they told their son,"the earth goes round the sun."→

  they told their son that the earth goes round the sun.

  (2)直接引语变间接引语时, 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如:

  he said, "i haven't seen her today."→

  he said that he hadn't seen her that day.

  注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。

  (3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如:

  he asked lucy, "where did you go?"→

  he asked lucy where she went.

  tom said, "what do you want, ann?"→

  tom asked ann what she wanted.

  文/迟本文



文章标签:引语  间接引语  直接引语