Lesson 77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术
一.单 词
1..mummy n. 木乃伊;妈妈
An ancient Egyptian mummy is on exhibition in the museum.一具古埃及木乃伊正在博物馆展览。
2.temple n. 庙
After the great Pyramids and the large Sphinx (狮身人面像), the temple of Abu Simbel presents the most familiar image of ancient Egypt to the modern traveller.
阿布辛波古庙:尼罗河畔悠远历史和现代文明的见证。
3.mark n. 斑点;分数;v. 标记
Her finger left marks on the screen of television.
她的手在我的电视的屏幕上留下了印子。
4.disease n. 疾病
SARS is a contagious disease.
非典是一种传染性疾病。
5.illness,disease
两个词在口语中用法相同,也有一些区别:
illness(a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill)指病的状态,时间的长短,或指身体不好。
She died after a long illness. 她在久病之后去世了。
Disease(an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant)一般指有医学名称,与身体的部分有关的疾病,如果是传染性疾病的话会被携带或传染。
a kidney/sexually-transmitted disease/infectious disease肾病,性传播疾病,传染性的疾病
一般下列疾病只用illness
mental illness 精神疾病
6.prove v. 显示出;证实
The new evidence proves him to be guilty.
新证据证明他是有罪的。
相关表达: proof n.证明
approve v.批准,同意
7.resin n. 树脂
The transparent shoulder straps are made of resin.
透明的肩带是树脂做的。
8.skin n. 皮肤;v. 剥皮
Her skin is as soft as babies'.
她的皮肤像婴儿的皮肤一样柔软。
实际应用: 皮肤黑dark skin
9.section n. 切片;部分
The doctor examined the section cut from the dead body under the microscope.
医生在显微镜下仔细检查从尸体上切下来的切片。
10.figure n.(女人的)体形;人像;人影
The lady has a great figure. 那女人身材很棒。
实际应用:半身像a half-length figure
There are several dashing figures in the painting.
那幅画里画了几个雄纠纠的人。
11.normally adv. 通常地;正常地
Normally his bad mood last one or two days.
通常他的坏心情会持续一到俩天。
引申:normal adj.正常的,一般的
12. survive v.幸免于,存活;活得比......长
None of the passengers survived the air crash.
没有乘客在空难中幸存。
二.课 文
1.非限制性定语从句
① 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。如:
I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。
② 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用for which代替why。如:
I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句"the reason why..."是常见搭配。)
③ 非限制性定语从句置于句首时,不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放主句前,也可以放主句后。如:
As I expected, he didn't believe me. 正如我所预料的,他不相信我。
④ 非限制性定语从句由"介词+关系代词"引导时,其中的关系代词不能用as。如:
He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车,他父亲对此很生气。
⑤ 在非限制性定语从句中,指人的关系代词作宾语时,只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换,也不能省略。如:
This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料,它在任何一家书店都能买到。(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语,无论指人还是指物都不能省略。)
2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:
① 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
② 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
③ 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
3.at,on和in的区别
①at用于小地方或点钟的前边
②on用于星期的前边或一个月中的具体的某一天
③in在月份,季节,前,国家或大的地方前
4..否定疑问句
否定疑问句可以表示说活者惊异的情绪、责难的口吻或赞叹;也可表示说话者的某种建议、邀请、请求或看法等
例Is he not a worker?
Isn't he a worker?