Medicine: Oct. 8

医学奖：10月8日揭晓

Gurdon, Yamanaka

格登、山中伸弥

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineAffiliations: John B. Gurdon, born in 1933, is at the Gurdon Institute, part of Cambridge University. Shinya Yamanaka, born in 1962, is a professor at Kyoto University and is affiliated with the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco.

生理学或医学奖

In Their Research: Mr. Gurdon discovered in 1962 that the specialization of cells is reversible. More than 40 years later, Mr. Yamanaka discovered how intact mature cells in mice could be reprogrammed to become immature stem cells.

获奖人：约翰•B•格登(John B. Gurdon)，生于1933年，任职于剑桥大学(Cambridge University)的格登学院(Gurdon Institute)。山中伸弥(Shinya Yamanaka)，生于1962年，京都大学(Kyoto University)教授、旧金山格莱斯顿研究院(Gladstone Institutes)高级研究员。

In the Real World: Without this discovery, known as cellular reprogramming, Dolly the sheep and later cloning experiments would not have been possible. It also allows scientists to create human embryonic stem cells without destroying human embryos, sidestepping an approach long been fraught with ethical controversies.

获奖研究：格登在1962年发现细胞分化可逆。40多年后，山中伸弥发现了重组老鼠身上完整成熟细胞、使之变成未成熟干细胞的方法。