动词的语态告诉句子的主语是执行还是接收动作。 在英语中有两种语态(声音)：主动和被动。
主动语态
在主动语态中，主语执行动词表达的动作：
- The student wrote a song.
被动语态
在被动语态中，主语接受动词表达的动作：
- A song was written by the student.
形成被动动词的时态
The passive voice always consists of two parts: a form of the verb "to be" + past participle:
| Tense | Passive voice form |
|---|---|
| Present | it is cleaned |
| Past | it was cleaned |
| Future | it will be cleaned |
| Present perfect | it has been cleaned |
| Past perfect | it had been cleaned |
| Future perfect | it will have been cleaned |
被动语态的使用
使用被动语态：
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请注意动作的接收者而不是表演者：
- The professor was hit by three snowballs.
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当表演者不明或不重要时，指出行动的接收者：
- A love letter was slipped under the door.
- The signs will be posted.
-
Avoid calling attention to the performer of the action (known as the "institutional passive"):
- The fines will be collected on Monday.
写作中的主动和被动语态
在写作中使用主动或被动语态之间的选择是风格问题，而不是正确性。 但是，大多数手册都建议使用主动语态，他们认为这些语态更自然，更直接，更生动，更简洁。 被动语态被认为是冗长和弱小的（除非在上述情况下使用）。 检查以下示例。
- weak, passive: The skater was slammed into the wall by Maria.
- strong, active: Maria slammed the skater into the wall.
- weak, passive: The book was enjoyed by me because the events of her childhood were described so well by the author.
- strong, active: I enjoyed the book because the author described the events of her childhood so well.
识别被动语态的提示
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An active verb may or may not have a direct object, but the passive verb almost never does.
- "It is...That" construction (It is clear that... It is noted...)
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Use of the verbs To Be, Make, or Have
- Passive: Your exits should be made quickly.
- Active: Leave quickly.
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Endings that turn verbs into abstract nouns: -ion,-ing,-ment:
- Passive: When application of force is used, the lid will open.
- Active: Apply force to open the lid.
生词表:
